A total of 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: control, stress, extract alone, and stress + extract (n = 6 each), for total 21 days of treatment. The immobilization stress was induced in rats by putting them in 20 cm × 7 cm plastic tubes for 2 h/day for 21 days. Rats were postorally treated with Salvadora persica at a dose of 900 mg/kg body weight via intragastric intubations. At the end of the...

Bacterial plaque is solely responsible for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. There are different mechanical and chemical methods available for the maintenance of oral health through plaque control. Toothbrushes and miswak (chewing sticks) are widely used for the mechanical removal of plaque. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is one of the best-proven anti-plaque agents. The ai...

Background: Streptococcus viridans is an anaerobic bacteria that cause root canal infection. The irrigation materials have antibacterial and non-toxic effects greatly support the success of treatment. Sodium hypochlorite must be used with extreme caution because it can irritate periapical tissue when at high concentrations has a pungent odor interferes patient comfort. Siwak (Salvadora persica)...