Salt crystallization is one of the most important reasons for the decay of historical objects. A well known example is the historical city of Venice in which there is a lot salt decay. Reducing salt contamination is important for conservation of old historic buildings. Therefore often desalination treatments are done. The desalination of non-movable objects, like buildings, is usually made thro...

Extracting AlCl3·6H2O from acid leaching solution through crystallization is one of the key processes to extracting aluminum from fly ash, coal gangue and other industrial solid wastes. However, the obtained products usually have low purity and a key problem is the lack of accurate data for phase equilibrium. This paper presented the non-equilibrium phase diagrams of AlCl3-NaCl-H2O (HCl) salt-w...

Disopyramide (DPA) is as a class IA antiarrhythmic drug and its crystallization from cyclohexane at ambient condition yields lower melting form crystals which belong to the monoclinic centrosymmetric space group P21/n, having two molecules in an asymmetric unit. Crystal structure analysis of pure DPA revealed closely associated aggregates via amide–amide dimer synthon through N–H∙∙∙O hydrogen b...

Blends of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide 6 (PA6) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared using different processing strategies in a twin-screw micro-compounder. The effect of MWNTs on the crystallization behaviour of the PP phase and the PA6 phase of the blend has been investigated through non-isothermal crystallization studies by differential scanning calorimetric analysis. F...

An extracellular alpha-type carbonic anhydrase (dCAII) from the salt-tolerant alga Dunaliella salina differs from its mesophilic counterparts in remaining active from zero to multimolar salt concentrations. To gain insight into the outstanding salt tolerance of dCAII, the enzyme was functionally overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography and crystallized by the hangi...

Extensive durability problems such as weathering and degradation are found in historic Scandinavian brick masonry buildings, especially from the neo-Gothic period. These largely due to crystallization of salts frost action bricks mortars. This article aims show illustrate which crystals buildings describe their appearance behavior. An additional aim is explore possibilities preventing salt-rela...

Electrified downstream processes for biotechnologically produced carboxylic acids reduce waste salt generation significantly and make biotechnological production ecologically economically more attractive. In order to design, optimize, scale-up control electrochemically induced crystallization processes, knowledge of the metastable zone width (MSZW) is essential. An optical observation approach ...

Metals are common construction materials for heat exchangers. However, metals may suffer from failure due to corrosion, especially in harsh environments. Innovative thermally conductive polymer composite tubes based on polypropylene or polyphenylene sulfide filled with graphite have been developed. Crystallization fouling metal surfaces has extensively studied. data very limited. In the current...

This study was dedicated to evaluating the durability of carbonatic stones Crac des Chevaliers castle against salt crystallization. is a UNESCO world heritage site located in Syria and considered one most important crusader castles built 12th century. Salt efflorescence common decay type detected on stone blocks this building, so six dolomite lithotypes with various structures tested under agin...

The use of organic–inorganic hybrid compounds containing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OH) is one of the most promising approaches for using alkoxysilane-based formulations to improve the effectiveness of the consolidation of traditional silicate artifacts, such as ancient stone. Based on analysis of existing damaged potteries influenced by the crys...