PURPOSE To study, through endoscopy, the postoperative structural changes of the intranasal ostium following external dacryocystorhinostomy and to evaluate the influence of saline solution and 5-fluorouracil. METHODS Fifty patients were distributed into the following groups: Group SS-dacryocystorhinostomy and an injection of saline solution during surgery (13 patients); Group 5--FU1-dacryocys...

We studied the capability of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus to select one of a pair of odors and to avoid the other in one context and to do the opposite in another context. One group of crickets was trained to associate one of a pair of odors (conditioned stimulus, CS1) with water reward (appetitive unconditioned stimulus, US+) and another odor (CS2) with saline solution (aversive US, US-) un...

INTRODUCTION From a drug discovery point of view, ion channels are very interesting and challenging targets. Over the past decade, great efforts have been made in developing platforms for patch clamp-based high-quality screening of ion channels in discovering new drug candidates as well for evaluating their safety profiles. Indeed, the automated patch clamp (APC) has recently reached the data t...

A series of measurements was made of the diameters of the cells and nuclei of the primary spermatocytes of the snail Helix aspersa in preparations made by embedding in paraffin wax after fixation in a number of different cytological fixatives. These were compared with similar measurements made on the living spermatocytes mounted in suitable saline solutions, and the shrinkage that the cells und...

Animal studies implicate the amygdala and its connections in the recognition of aversive stimuli. A recent PET study demonstrated that the human amygdala and left orbitofrontal cortex show substantial increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during exposure to aversive odourants. To examine if aversive gustatory stimuli similarly activate these regions, nine healthy women tasted an aver...

Large-scale pharmacogenomic high-throughput screening (HTS) studies hold great potential for generating robust genomic predictors of drug response. Two recent large-scale HTS studies have reported results of such screens, revealing several known and novel drug sensitivities and biomarkers. Subsequent evaluation, however, found only moderate interlaboratory concordance in the drug response pheno...

The sources of error and the optivial design of an anterior chamber infusion method for the study of rapid changes in outflow facility and intraocular pressure are discussed, with a series of definite recommendations. A saline solution for anterior chamber infusion that preserves the outflow resistance of the monkey eye has been described. Data are given showing the degree of uncertainty, cause...

1 Rosettastein Consulting UG, Freising, Germany, 2 Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, TUM-Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany, 3 Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Proficiency Assessment, Mainz, Germany, 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria, 5 Molecular EXposomics, German Research Center ...

Because no suitable products are at the moment available to safely control the spread of BTV-16 in Europe, an inactivated vaccine was produced from the reference field isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 16. One group of six sheep was vaccinated subcutaneously with the inactivated vaccine twice, on days 0 and 28, whereas a second group of eight sheep was inoculated with saline solution and use...

Solutions exchange systems are responsible for the timing of drug application on patch clamp experiments. There are two basic strategies for generating a solution exchange. When slow exchanges are bearable, it is easier to perform the exchange inside the tubing system upstream of the exit port. On the other hand, fast, reproducible, exchanges are usually performed downstream of the exit port. A...