BACKGROUND Russia's market reforms in the early 1990s led to marked social inequalities. We analysed inequalities in risks of dying for Russian men by occupational class and perceived social status in the post-transition era. METHODS Cox proportional analysis of the hazard of dying by occupational class, education, household income and perceived social status was performed for 593 deaths that...

Thousands of small and medium-sized companies world-wide have non-automated warehouses. Picking orders are manually processed by bluecollar workers; however, this process is highly error-prone. There are various kinds of picking errors that can occur, which cause immense costs and aggravate customers. Even experienced workers are not immune to this problem. In turn, this puts a high pressure on...

By the 1990s, the U.S. population had reached 248.7 million, an increase of 9.8 percent over the previous decade. The median age in the country had increased 2.9 years to 32.9 (31.7 for men and 34.1 for women). The percentage of the population younger than 15 had continued to decline and stood at 21.5 percent. Population dynamics had shifted, with the percentage of Americans who were white decl...

To investigate the associations between psychosocial factors and the development of chronic disabling low back pain (LBP) in Japanese workers. A 1 yr prospective cohort of the Japan Epidemiological Research of Occupation-related Back Pain (JOB) study was used. The participants were office workers, nurses, sales/marketing personnel, and manufacturing engineers. Self-administered questionnaires w...

OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of enzyme sensitisation in the detergent industry. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted in a detergent factory. Sensitisation to enzymes was examined by skin prick and radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests. 76 Workers were tested; 40 in manufacturing, packing, and maintenance, and 36 non-exposed people in management and sales departments. The workers we...

Rollover protective structures (ROPS) are an effective engineering control known to prevent tractor overturn deaths, the leading cause of occupational fatalities for farmers and farm workers in the U.S. However, the use of ROPS is known to vary greatly from farm to farm. A national sample of 11,458 farm operators from the 2004 Occupational Injury Surveillance of Production Agriculture (OISPA) s...

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of a government income management program on store sales. DESIGN AND SETTING An interrupted time series analysis of sales data in 10 stores in 10 remote Northern Territory communities during 1 October 2006 to 30 September 2009, which included an 18-month period before income management; a 4-6-month period after the introduction of income management; a 3-month p...

OBJECTIVE To assess the temporal trends in occupation specific all causes and cause specific mortality in Japan between 1980 and 2005. DESIGN Longitudinal analysis of individual death certificates by last occupation before death. Data on population by age and occupation were derived from the population census. SETTING Government records, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Men aged 30-59. MAIN OUTCOME ...

OBJECTIVE Changes in mortality inequalities across socioeconomic groups have been a substantial public health concern worldwide. We investigated changes in absolute/relative mortality inequalities across occupations, and the contribution of different diseases to inequalities in tandem with the restructuring of the Japanese economy. METHODS Using complete Japanese national death registries fro...

OBJECTIVE To describe the origin, evolution, and application of the concept of employment vulnerability in workers who subsist on street sales. METHODS We have carried out an analysis of the literature in database in Spanish, Portuguese, and English, without restriction by country. This is a review of the gray literature of government reports, articles, and documents from Latin America and th...