Endothelin-1 (ET-1) autocrine and paracrine signaling modulate cell proliferation of tumor cells by activating its receptors, endothelin A receptor (ETAR) and endothelin B receptor (ETBR). Dysregulation of ETAR activation promotes tumor development and progression. The potential of ETAR antagonists and the dual-ETAR and ETBR antagonists as therapeutic approaches are under preclinical and clinic...

BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to investigate whether Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) conferred cardiac protection against Arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cells by inhibiting MAPK pathways activation. METHODS H9c2 cardiac cells were exposed to 10 µM ATO for 24 h to induce cytotoxicity. The cells were pretreated with Sal A for 4 h before exposure to ATO. Cell viability was d...

The present study examined the factors responsible for triggering renal hemodynamic adjustments during acute volume expansion. The renal hemodynamic effects of graded volume expansion with 0.9% saline (Sal; 1, 2, and 4% of body wt), 7% BSA solution (0.35, 0.70, and 1.4% body wt), or whole blood from a donor rat (WBL; 0.35, 0.70, and 1.4% body wt) were compared in rats anesthetized with pentobar...

The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of cisplatin (DDP) combined with salinomycin (SAL) on the gastric cancer cell line SGC‑7901, as well as to explore the mechanisms underlying their actions. An MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of SAL, DDP and their combination on gastric cancer cell proliferation. Morphological alterations of cancer cells followin...

SEMAINE has created a large audiovisual database as part of an iterative approach to building Sensitive Artificial Listener (SAL) agents that can engage a person in a sustained, emotionally coloured conversation. Data used to build the agents came from interactions between users and an ‘operator’ simulating a SAL agent, in different configurations: Solid SAL (designed so that operators displaye...

The reaction between [V(IV)OSO(4)] and the tetradentate N(2)O(2)-donor Schiff base ligand, N,N-bis(o-hydroxybenzaldehyde)phenylenediamine (sal-HBPD), obtained by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine in a molar ratio of 2 : 1 respectively, resulted in the formation of [V(IV)O(sal-HBPD)]. The molecular structure of [V(IV)O(sal-HBPD)] was determined by single crystal X-ray di...

OBJECTIVE To compare efficacy of indacaterol to that of fixed-dose combination (FDC) formoterol and budesonide (FOR/BUD) and FDC salmeterol and fluticasone (SAL/FP) for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on the available randomized clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS Fifteen placebo-controlled RCTs were included that evaluated: indacaterol 150 μg (n = 5 studies), ...

Locusta has strong fly wings to ensure its long distance migration, but the molecular mechanism that regulates the Locusta wing development is poorly understood. To address the developmental mechanism of the Locusta flying wing, we cloned the Dpp target gene spalt (sal) and analyzed its function in wing growth in the Locusta. The Locusta wing size is apparently reduced with vein defects when sa...

The region-specific homeotic gene spalt (sal) acts in two separate domains in the head and tail region of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. Based on comparative morphology, sal is likely to be involved in the establishment of the head during the evolution of invertebrates and thus, it should be conserved. We have analyzed the conservation of the segmentation genes Krüppel (Kr) and even-skippe...

The transfer rate of messages in distributed sensor network applications is a critical factor in a system's performance. The Sensor Abstraction Layer (SAL) is one such system. SAL is a middleware integration platform for abstracting sensor specific technology in order to integrate heterogeneous types of sensors in a network. SAL uses Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) as its connection method,...