a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Mother–child relationship Teacher–child relationship Chinese only and non-only children Early social behaviors Urban–rural status Investigations regarding the differences between Chinese only and non-only children primarily examine children's social behaviors, which are closely related to their early relationships with mothers and teachers. In recent years, the n...

Introduction: Stroke recognized as the third most common cause of death. Stroke survivors often suffer a large amount of physical and mental disability. Due to assess difference between stroke types, progression and distribution of risk factors according residential status, to get correct information for prevention planning and management, this study was conducted.   Methods: This descriptive...

This study was aimed at assessment of sleep schedule, pre-sleep behavior, co-sleeping and parent's perception of sleep of school going children. METHOD Four schools each, from urban and rural area were included. Sleep patterns were assessed using the validated Hindi version of Childhood-Sleep-Habit-Questionnaire. Comparison was made between urban and rural group and between boys and girls. In...

BACKGROUND We describe the effect of 2 different accelerometer cut-points on physical activity (PA) patterns in rural and urban black South African women. METHODS Hip-mounted uni-axial accelerometers were worn for 6 to 7 days by rural (n = 272) and urban (n = 16) participants. Twenty-hour (4 AM to 12 AM) PA counts (cts) and volumes (min·day⁻¹) were extracted: sedentary (SED, <100 cts·min⁻¹), ...

BACKGROUND Inconsistencies in rural and urban health care exist; however, little has been done to evaluate the potential differences in asthma management. OBJECTIVE To compare asthma management in rural versus urban primary care physician practices. METHODS Forty-two of 136 consenting primary care physicians were randomly selected for chart review. The charts of 3072 patients diagnosed with...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Menarche, the first menstrual period, is influenced by many factors including socio-economic status and rural or urban dwelling. The aims of the study were to compare the age at menarche between rural and urban girls and evaluate the anthropometric indices at menarche. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of rural secondary school girls and urban school girls. A...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare breast cancer knowledge and the use of breast self-examination as a breast cancer screening tool among rural and urban women in the reproductive age group (15–49 years) in the rural and urban areas of Zambia. Methods: The study sites were located in the Solwezi rural district and Lusaka urban districts in Zambia. A total of 238 women particip...

The purpose of this research was to investigate rural-urban differences in participation rates in three modes of active commuting (AC) and their built environmental correlates. The 2010 Census supplemented with other datasets were used to analyze AC rates in percent of workers age 16+ walking, biking, or taking public transportation to work in 70,172 Census tracts, including 12,844 rural and 57...

The study attempted to identify the prevalence and distribution of risk factors of non-communicable diseases among urban and rural population in Gujarat, India. Using the WHO stepwise approach, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,805 urban and 1,684 rural people of 15-64 years age-group. Information on behavioural and physiological risk factors of non-communicable diseases was obtai...

OBJECTIVES To examine hospitalizations and length of stay (LOS) for infants aged <1 year in rural and urban counties, hypothesizing that infants living in rural counties experience significantly different hospital use compared with urban infants. METHODS Birth certificates for infants born in California hospitals between 1993 and 2005 and surviving to discharge were linked to hospital dischar...