This article presents a discussion of rural-urban migration as a source of social and behavioral change in Ghana. It explores the extent to which the urban social environment in Ghana generates conflicts for migrants with a different value orientation and the degree of influence of the urban social environment on migrants' behavior. The first part of the discussion focuses on the nature of Gh...

the aim of this study was to investigate the role of livestock cooperatives in improving economic status of animal holders in hamedan province. the study has used a surveying methodology. for gathering data a structured questionnaire was used and its reliability was calculated by cronbach's alpha test and it was (α=0.80). the research samples consisted of 300 animal holders (beef cattle breeder...

although in most of the rural development plans, relocation of informal settlements is oftenconsidered as an efficient solution to increase safety of rural communities against natural and man-made disasters,such as, earthquakes, fire hazards, floods, etc. an evaluation of recent experiences in the relocation projects show thatthe relocated community is often unsatisfied with the new residential...

the present article has been prepared based on two field research studies undertaken to identify the vulnerable strata in rural areas of iran’s garmsar and dasht-e azadegan regions2. as will be demonstrated below, the findings of the two studies show that the development policies implemented during recent decades--policies emphasizing strategies of structural adjustment, liberalization, and pri...

introduction information and communication technology (ict) is now one of the criteria for measuring the economic and industrial development, in a way that it has had significant effects on different aspects of socio-cultural, economic and political life of people and human communities. in this study, the authors have tried to investigate the economic, social and physical effects of ict centers...

Rural areas have always played a significant role in the global economy by providing a variety of foods and raw materials. This role is much more prominent in developing countries. Rural development is also an important part of regional policies, covering agriculture, forestry, natural resource management, land use, and economic diversity in these areas. The present study focused on investigati...

Access to services and infrastructure is generally available nationwide in Germany (drinking water supply, sewage treatment, mail, telecommunications, transport). The quality of these services, however, differs from region to region. One field which needs improvement is sewage treatment where, for economic reasons, the number of decentralised systems is growing. The call for nationwide access t...