background: growth failure in children less than five years old can lead to the serious complications such as increased mortality, learning difficulties or physical disability. the aim of this study was to investigate the non-organic factors affecting the growth trend in less than two years children living in zanjan, iran.   methods: this longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of 3566 chi...

Factors influencing the pattern of Helicobacter pylori infection among children living in adjacent urban and rural areas of northern Sardinia, Italy, were compared. The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was 22% (625 of 2810 children) in the study population and was significantly higher among children in rural areas (37%) than in urban areas (13%) (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% confidence interv...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma and role of atopy in asthma among children has not been clearly defined in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of asthma and investigate risk factors related to allergy sensitization among urban and rural school children in southwest Nigeria. METHODS Validated ISAAC questionnaire was administered to 1736 high school children in randomly selecte...

The objective of the current analysis is to see the factors responsible for malnutrition in children (under-5 years) in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. In this study binary logistic model is applied to 1831 observations of urban and 3427 observations of rural areas. The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) is constructed and used as an indicator of malnutrition. It is estimated...

The goal of the present study is to explore the circumstances in Thailand under which the migration of rural adult children to urban areas takes place, with attention to how parents and their situation influence these decisions, and the consequences for the social and economic well-being of parents who remain behind in the rural areas after the children leave. The analysis relies primarily on 2...

Kazakhstan is undergoing a rapid modernization process, which carries the risk of an epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease. We enrolled a sample of about 50 children for every combination of gender, environment (urban vs. rural), ethnic group (Kazakh vs. Russian), and age group from 7 to 18 years, for a total of 4,808 children. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured on all chil...

OBJECTIVE To describe secular trends on physical growth of children in China during the year of 1985-2005 and to analyze the urban-suburban-rural difference and its change. METHODS The measurements of height, weight and chest circumference obtained from two serial national cross-sectional surveys for children aged 0 to 7 years in China were used to analyze the secular trends, and the growth d...

OBJECTIVES Nutritional aspects of breakfast, plasma levels of glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate, body mass index and academic performance have been studied in urban and rural children (Extremadura, Spain). METHODS Representative samples of schoolchildren (3 to 12 years old, random cluster-sampling in schools). RESULTS Children's mean caloric intake with breakfast was 331 kcal. Rural populati...

INTRODUCTION The uncorrected refractive error is an important cause of childhood blindness and visual impairment. OBJECTIVE To study the patterns of refractive errors among the urban and rural school going children of Nepal. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 440 school children of urban and rural schools within the age range of 7-15 years were selected for this study using multi-stage randomi...

BACKGROUND The concept of the street child in rural communities has received little attention. This study describes the sociodemographic characteristics of the street children found in a group of rural communities. METHOD This descriptive study is nested in a cross sectional analytical study of street children in a group of rural communities undergoing urbanization. A cluster sample of street...