Pacing strategy has been investigated in elite 100 km and elite 161 km (100 mile) ultra-marathoners, but not in age group ultra-marathoners. This study investigated changes in running speed over segments in male elite and age group 100 km ultra-marathoners with the assumption that running speed would decrease over segments with increasing age of the athlete. Running speed during segments in mal...

Examples of animals that switch activity times between nocturnality and diurnality in nature are relatively infrequent. Furthermore, the mechanism for switching activity time is not clear: does a complete inversion of the circadian system occur in conjunction with activity pattern? Are there switching centers downstream from the internal clock that interpret the clock differently? Or does the s...

where the definition of Cl( * , . , ) is obvious from above. We note that C depends explicitly on XI that contradicts the analysis in the paper’. Hence, the test which minimizes .J+, is not necessarily an LRT. For the n-stage problem ( n 2 2) , it is easily seen that p.b.p.0. local strategies at time n alone are LRT’s in general. Also, if we restrict the local decisions made by each sensor to d...

BACKGROUND Endurance running performance of African (AF) and non-African (NAF) athletes is investigated, with better performances seen for Africans. To date, no study has compared the age of peak performance between AF and NAF runners. The present research is an analysis of the age and running performance of top AF and NAF athletes, using the hypothesis that AF athletes were younger and faster ...

Time perception during exercise may be affected by chosen intensity, and may also affect enjoyment of exercise and subsequent long-term adherence. However, little is known about how individuals perceive the passage of time during exercise, or if factors such as sex are influential. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are sex related differences in perception of time during a bou...

We present a multifractal analysis of heartbeat and heart rate time series in human races. In order to improve the training of athletes, we compare heart rate multifractal behavior in free and constant speed 10,000 m runnings. We analyze also marathon races, free pace 42.195 km running, we compare the first and the second half heartbeat signals to measure the effect of fatigue. We find that fre...