this study was intended to analyze the listening tapescripts of the elementary and pre-intermediate levels of total english textbooks from the pragmatic dimension of language functions and speech acts in order to see whether the listening tasks are pragmatically informative or not. for this purpose, 8 conversations from the two books were selected randomly, and then, the two pragmatic models of...

nowadays, air pollution is a global problem that has had significant growth by technology development, population growth andindustrial development. industrial development brought natural resources deterioration, more manufacturing products, and more environmental pollutants. if pollutant won’t be controlled, human-being and wildlife will face the critical risks. significant release and critical...

In recent years, the economists have been deliberately thinking about the idea of fiscal decentralization, i.e. transfer of decision-making authority from central government to local institutes (in proportion to composition of expenditures and revenues). A good number of researches were conducted to know its effect on economic variables such as economic growth. Great strides were made in Iran t...

heuristics are often used to provide solutions for flow shop scheduling problems.the performance of a heuristic is usually judged by comparing solutions and run times on test cases.this investigation proposes an analytical alternative ,called asymptotic convergence ,which tests the convergence of the heuristic to a lower bound as problem size grows. the test is a stronger variation of worst cas...

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر رشد اقتصادی بر شاخص قیمت مصرف­کننده در ایران؛ در فاصله­ی سال­های 1357 تا 1387 است. برای تحلیل موضوع از الگوی اقتصاد­سنجی خود توضیح برداری و روش جوهانسن- جوسیلیوس استفاده شده و بر اساس نتایج به­دست آمده از این روش، اثرگذاری تمام ضرایب متغیر­ها بر اساس مبانی نظری مورد انتظار بوده و از نظر آماری معنی­دار می­باشند. نتایج حاکی از آن است که در بلند­مدت، رشد اقتصادی اثر منفی...

the study aims to achieve research and testing of hypotheses survey techniques and questionnaires to collect information used. 61 questions in the questionnaire included 15 questions and 46 open questions according to research in the study population, girls and their mothers as the value of different children investment should be. mothers according to the research community benefits from havi...

Investment in education and health sector, as human capital, has an important role in economic growth and its enhancement in many countries. Lots of studies have been carried out in this field; however, the effect of simultaneous analysis of education and health, as well as the private and state sectors in economic growth of Iran has not been investigated. Thus, in the present study mutual rela...