abstract protection policies in the agricultural sector is an inevitable necessity, its accomplish effects individuals welfare and economic sectors. protection policies account for a major economic strategy in agricultural sectors of developing and developed countries. applying ardl, the study investigates effects of protection policy in agricultural sector on total factor productivity of this ...

Immunity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) is initiated after its recognition by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). We assessed the association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that impairs TLR2 function and CMV disease in a cohort of 737 liver recipients. Ninety-two of 737 patients (7.1%, 10.9%, 12.3%, and 12.5% by 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively) developed CMV disease. Kaplan-Meier ...

INTRODUCTION Assuming that spina bifida (SB) is a genetically controlled disease, the aim of our study was to evaluate the degree of genetic homozygosity and the distribution of AB0 blood types among patients with SB occulta and SB aperta by the homozygously recessive characteristics (HRC) test. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our study included an analysis of the presence, distribution and individual c...

BACKGROUND Homozygosity for the common (677C-->T) mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, but there is uncertainty as to the association between this mutation and coronary artery disease (CAD). This study examined the association between MTHFR genotypes and age at onset of CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients (n=169) with document...

Recent studies have reported that regions of homozygosity (ROH) in the genome are detectable in outbred populations and can be associated with an increased risk of malignancy. To examine whether homozygosity is associated with an increased risk of developing childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), we analyzed 824 ALL cases and 2398 controls genotyped for 292 200 taggi...

The human genome is characterised by many runs of homozygous genotypes, where identical haplotypes were inherited from each parent. The length of each run is determined partly by the number of generations since the common ancestor: offspring of cousin marriages have long runs of homozygosity (ROH), while the numerous shorter tracts relate to shared ancestry tens and hundreds of generations ago....

The limited number of papaya varieties available reflects the narrow genetic base of this species. The use of backcrossing as a breeding strategy can promote increases in variability, besides allowing targeted improvements. Procedures that combine the use of molecular markers and backcrossing permit a reduction of the time required for introgression of genes of interest and appropriate recovery...

Recent work has established that for an arbitrary genetic locus with its number of alleles unspecified, the homozygosity of the locus confines the frequency of the most frequent allele within a narrow range, and vice versa. Here we extend beyond this limiting case by investigating the relationship between homozygosity and the frequency of the most frequent allele when the number of alleles at t...