Synchronization of rumen available protein and energy is one of the conceptual methods to increase the efficiency of utilization of nutrients by the ruminants The concept of synchronization energy and protein was first by Jhonson, Implying that maximum microbial protein synthesis could be achieved by matching the rate of Organic Matter and protein degradation. Synchronization of rumen available...

Taurine accounts for approximately 0.1% of an animal’s body. It cannot be used protein synthesis but plays a wide range important roles in the animal does not exist plants, while mammals can only synthesize 30–40% taurine they need. Supplementing to beef cattle may necessary improve their nutrient utilization and health status. However, no data are available regarding metabolism rumen. Two vitr...

Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae were fed diets varying in the amount and source of rumen-degradable carbohydrates (starch vs. sucrose) to examine their effects on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and lactation performance. A 4×4 Latin square with four diets and four periods of 28 days each was employed. Corn starch and sucrose were added to diets and c...

Comparisons between cereal species have shown that wheat starch is fermented more rapidly in the rumen than starch from maize, barley, potato or sorghum, probably due to the protein matrix surrounding the starch granules, but there are few comparisons of starch digestion from different cultivars of wheat. Although wheat varieties are classi®ed as being hard or soft, genetic factors affecting nu...

Adequate predictions of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) supplies are necessary to optimize performance while minimizing losses of excess nitrogen (N). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the original Cornell Net Carbohydrate Protein System (CNCPS) protein fractionation scheme and to develop and evaluate alternatives designed to improve its adequacy ...

the effect of feeding of soaked barley straw on milk production and composition and rumen characteristics was studied. the degradability of soaked barley straw (for 24, 48 and 72 hours) and unsoaked barley straws were studied in the first experiment. the unsoaked barley straw had more readily degraded fraction (a) than soaked straw treatments (p> 0.05). there was no significant difference betwe...

Cattle consuming bahiagrass pastures in Florida are often deficient in crude protein. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of two protein supplements (Urea and Optigen) as compared to cows receiving no protein supplementation (Control) while consuming bahiagrass hay. Optigen II® (Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) is a slow-release nitrogen source. The delayed availability of nit...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic on in situ ruminal DM, OM, CP and starch degradability values some energy protein sources commonly used ruminant nutrition. In study, degradation kinetics fractions dry matter, organic crude protein, 6 different feedstuffs (barley, wheat, corn, sunflower seed meal, cottonseed meal soybean meal) anima...

Six double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls (initial weight: 345 +/- 16 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in two juxtaposed 3 x 3 Latin squares to study the effect of a lack of synchronization between energy and N in the rumen on microbial protein synthesis and N metabolism by giving the same diet according to three different feeding patterns. The feed ingredients of the ...