Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are essential for cell growth, migration, and survival. The structure of a p110β/p85β complex identifies an inhibitory function for the C-terminal SH2 domain (cSH2) of the p85 regulatory subunit. Mutagenesis of a cSH2 contact residue activates downstream signaling in cells. This inhibitory contact ties up the C-terminal region of the p110β catalytic subunit, w...

Activating oncogenic mutations of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been reported in several types of cancers. In many cases, genomic rearrangements lead to the fusion of unrelated genes to the DNA coding for the kinase domain of RTKs. All RTK-derived fusion proteins reported so far display oligomerization sequences within the 5' fusion partners that are responsible for oncogenic activation...

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are the most common soft tissue sarcomas of childhood and adolescence. To date, there are no effective treatments that target the genetic abnormalities in RMS, and current treatment options for high-risk groups are not adequate. Over the past two decades, research into the molecular mechanisms of RMS has identified key genes and signaling pathways involved in disease pa...

The purpose of the study is to develop the guidance system by the sensor fusion integration with a machine vision, an RTKGPS and a geometric direction sensor (GDS). The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a statistical method based on twodimensional Probability Density Function are adopted as a fusion integration methodology in this research. To achieve the navigation planner based on sensor fusio...

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key transmembrane environmental sensors that are capable of transmitting extracellular information into phenotypic responses, including cell proliferation, survival and metabolism. Advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics have been instrumental in providing the foundations of much of our current understanding of RTK signalling networks and ...

Crucial to the performance of GPS Network RTK positioning is that a user receives and applies correction information from a CORS Network. These corrections are necessary for the user to account for the atmospheric (ionospheric and tropospheric) delays and possibly orbit errors between his approximate location and the locations of the CORS Network stations. In order to provide the most precise c...

Negative feedback is among the key mechanisms for regulating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. Human Sef, a recently identified inhibitor of RTK signaling, encodes different isoforms, including a membrane spanning (hSef-a) and a cytosolic (hSef-b) isoform. Previously, we reported that hSef-b inhibited fibroblast proliferation and prevented the activation of mitogen-activated protein kin...

With the recent rapid revival of the GLONASS constellation, it is possible for the GLONASS system to provide Full Operational Capability (FOC) service before the end of 2011. CDMA signals are now additionally modulated onto the first GLONASS-K satellite which was launched on February 26, 2011. It is envisaged that GNSS users will benefit from more visible satellites, better precision and higher...

Abstract This paper presents and reviews the main existing open specifications for PPP/PPP-RTK services, including satellite navigation providers (QZSS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS) other industrial or scientific initiatives (RTCM, SAP-CORDA, 3GPP, IGS). To structure comparison, we adapted services to well-known OSI model defined them according their properties in communication layers. We...

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are membrane-based sensors that enable rapid communication between cells and their environment. Evidence is now emerging that interdependent regulatory mechanisms, such as membrane trafficking, ubiquitination, proteolysis and gene expression, have substantial effects on RTK signal transduction and cellular responses. Different RTKs exhibit both basal and ligand-...