The existing analytical and numerical computing methods for collision probability (Pc) provide sufficiently accurate results, but do not reveal the direct connection between Pc and conjunction geometry or error covariance. This paper derived an explicit expression of Pc under the circular orbit assumption, based on analysis of closest approach distance and Chan’s analytical formulae for Pc. The...

We have been investigating the use of kernel methods to improve conventional linear adaptation algorithms for fast adaptation, when there are less than 10s of adaptation speech. On clean speech, we had shown that our new kernel-based adaptation methods, namely, embedded kernel eigenvoice (eKEV) and kernel eigenspace-based MLLR (KEMLLR) outperformed their linear counterparts. In this paper, we s...

In a class of informed principal problems with common values, we define iteratively a particular allocation which we call the assured allocation. It is comparatively easy to calculate and straightforward to interpret. It always exists, is unique and continuous in the priors. It is undominated, i.e. effi cient among the different types of the principal subject to the agent’s interim participatio...

Radial shock waves therapy (RSWT) differs from extracorporeal shock waves therapy (ESWT) in that it produces a non-focused wave that is dissipated radially at the skin. Few studies have yet explored the effects of RSWT on bone tissue. Osteoblasts in culture flasks were studied by polymerase chain reaction after treatment with RSW (500 impulses, 0.05 mJ/mm(2)). An inhibited osteoblastogenesis wa...

The ongoing industrial revolution termed Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has borne witness to a series of profound changes towards increasing smart automation, particularly in the sectors automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, etc. Automatic welding, widely applied manufacturing process these domains, is not an exception changes. One type automatic Resistance Spot Welding (RSW), lies center this work. Large...

We consider the problem of assigning weights to a set samples or data records, with goal achieving representative weighting, which happens when certain sample averages are close prescribed values. frame finding as an optimization problem, in many cases is convex and can be efficiently solved. Our formulation includes special case selection fixed number samples, equal weights, i.e., selecting sm...

Solid-state welding is a derivative of the friction stir spot (FSSW) technique, which has been developed as new method for joining aluminum alloys. FSSW variant linear intended to deal with lightweight alloy resistance (RSW) and riveting. Tensile strength refers material’s ability withstand excessive stress when being stretched or pulled before necking; it expressed in terms force per unit area...