Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is one of the dominating technologies with high-capacity back bone networks. The cost associated networks given more importance. major issue allocating and managing available resources. To achieve this most efficient algorithms has to be used. We are considering routing lightpath wavelength assignment problem, called as (RWA) problem. optimization fragment...

Previous works have shown that wavelength conversion can considerably improve the performance in all–optical networks. However, it is an unrealistic assumption under the current technology and wavelength conversion with a limited range, not a full range, is more promising. In this paper, we propose a new analytic approach for such networks by virtue of the layered–graph where each wavelength is...

This paper studies the problem of dynamic Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) in Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) networks with the wavelength the continuity constraint applied. A hybrid algorithm using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), inspired by an Ant System (AS), is used. For the routing sub-problem, particles of the swarm use the tour building approach of AS together with the ex...

We present an evolutionary programming algorithm for solving the dynamic routing and wavelength assignment (DRWA) problem in optical wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks under wavelength continuity constraint. We assume an ideal physical channel and therefore neglect the blocking of connection requests due to the physical impairments. The problem formulation includes suitable constra...

We consider large optical networks in which nodes employ wavelength-routing switches which enable the establishment of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) channels, called lightpaths, between node pairs. We propose a practical approach to solve routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) of lightpaths in such networks. A large RWA problem is partitioned into several smaller subproblems, each of w...

In large dynamic networks it is extremely difficult to maintain accurate routing information on all network nodes. Different causes can motivate this inaccuracy, such as the state aggregation produced in hierarchical networks, the delay in flooding the network state, and the triggering policy used to determine when this network state information must be updated. This paper focuses on the inaccu...

Optical networks play an important role in information communication supporting both small-scale and large-scale networks through its capacity of seamless transmission of massive volume of data within a short time period. Some of the issues related to information communication using optical networks are routing, assignment of the wavelength and minimizing lightpath attack radius. By using adequ...