Amalgamated free products of von Neumann algebras were first used by S. Popa ([26]) to construct an irreducible inclusion of (non-AFD) type II1 factors with an arbitrary (admissible) Jones index. Further investigation in this direction was made by K. Dykema ([10]) and F. Rădulescu ([27, 29]) based on Voiculescu’s powerful machine ([40, 41, 44]), and F. Boca ([4]) discussed the Haagerup approxim...

We define a notion of depth for an inclusion of multimatrix algebras B ⊆ A based on a comparison of powers of the inductionrestriction table M (and its transpose matrix). The depth of the semisimple subalgebra B in the semisimple algebra A is the least positive integer n ≥ 2 for which M ≤ qM for some q ∈ Z+. We prove that a depth two subalgebra is a normal subalgebra, and conversely. As a corol...

‎Let $mathcal{A}_p$ be the mod $p$ Steenrod algebra‎, ‎where $p$ is an odd prime‎, ‎and let $mathcal{A}$ be the‎ subalgebra $mathcal{A}$ of $mathcal{A}_p$ generated by the Steenrod $p$th powers‎. ‎We generalize the $X$-basis in $mathcal{A}$ to $mathcal{A}_p$‎.

We study the subalgebra of the lattice vertex operator algebra V√ 2A2 consisting of the fixed points of an automorphism which is induced from an order 3 isometry of the root lattice A2. We classify the simple modules for the subalgebra. The rationality and the C2-cofiniteness are also established.

A well-known Peterson’s theorem says that the number of abelian ideals in a Borel subalgebra of a rank-r finite dimensional simple Lie algebra is exactly 2r . In this paper, we determine the dimensional distribution of abelian ideals in a Borel subalgebra of finite dimensional simple Lie algebras, which is a refinement of the Peterson’s theorem capturing more Lie algebra invariants.