Phytophthora root rot of avocado, a soilborne disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, continues to be devastating to the cultivation of avocados despite more than 70 years of research on control methods. Phytophthora root rot has been estimated to be present in two-thirds of the avocado groves in California, causing losses of almost 30% of the total value of the crop (5). P. cinnamomi m...

during 2001-2005, 79 isolates of rhizoctonia from seed rot, seedling damping –off, root rot and dry rot canker of sugar beet were collected. based on morphological characteristics, number of nuclei per cell and hyphal diameter, isolates were classified in two groups, binucleate (4 isolates) and multinucleate (75 isolates). among 75 multinucleate isolates ,27 isolates were identified as  ag4, 28...

Mutations in rot restore in vitro toxin production to agr-negative strains of Staphylococcus aureus. We show that a rot mutation returns wild-type virulence to an agr mutant, as measured in experimental endocarditis infections by target organ bacterial counts. Implications of our data are discussed in terms of agr antagonist strategies.

BRST-methods provide elegant and powerful tools for the construction and analysis of constrained systems, including models of particles, strings and fields. These lectures provide an elementary introduction to the ideas, illustrated with some important physical applications. † Lectures given at the Summerschool on Geometry and Topology in Physics (Rot a/d/ Rot, Germany) sept 2001 ∗ E-mail: v.ho...

Root rot is an important and widespread disease that often causes significant reduction in the yield and quality of harvested peas throughout the production areas in New York. Pea root rot can be caused by one of several soilborne pathogens or various combinations of root pathogens and also non-pathogens. In recent years, Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (causal pathogen of Fusarium root rot) has be...

The causal agent of root and butt rot of conifer trees, Heterobasidion annosum, is widespread in boreal forests and economically responsible for annual loss of approximately 50 million euros to forest industries in Finland alone and much more at European level. In order to further understand the pathobiology of this fungus at the genome level, a Finnish isolate of H. annosum sensu stricto (isol...

During several forays for ligninolytic fungi in different Spanish native forests, 35 white-rot basidiomycetes growing on dead wood (16 species from 12 genera) and leaf litter (19 species from 10 genera) were selected for their ability to decolorize two recalcitrant aromatic dyes (Reactive Blue 38 and Reactive Black 5) added to malt extract agar medium. In this study, two dye decolorization patt...

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain yield is severely affected by abiotic and biotic stresses during post-flowering stages, which has been aggravated by climate change. New parental lines having genes for various biotic and abiotic stress tolerances have the potential to mitigate this negative effect. Field studies were conducted under irrigated and dryland conditions with 128 exotic ge...

Brown-rot decay results in rapid reduction in degree of polymerization of holocellulose, with concomitant strength loss without removing lignin. Development of new methods of wood protection will require focusing on early events in the sequence of fungal attack during colonization. Pit membranes (sapwood) of wood cell walls represent a readily available source of nonlignified carbohydrate, i.e....

Several species of the genus Fusarium can cause apple fruit to rot while stored. Since Fusarium taxonomy is very complex and has constantly been revised and updated over the last years, the aim of this study was to identify Fusarium species from rotten apples, based on combined morphological characteristics and molecular data. We identified 32 Fusarium isolates from rotten apple fruit of cultiv...