An important advantage of Java is its portability due to its use of byte ode. However the use of byte ode allows de ompilation of Java programs to gain a ess to their sour e ode. This makes it easier to pirate Java programs, infringing their opyright. This is a disadvantage of Java in omparison with programming languages that ompile to native obje t ode. Software watermarking is a relatively ne...

The problem of state-observation is addressed for nonlinear systems that can bemodeled by an ODE–PDE series association. The ODE subsystem assumes a triangular structure while the PDE element is of heat diffusion type. The aim is to accurately estimate online the state vector of the ODE subsystem and the distributed state of the PDE element. One major difficulty is that the state observation mu...

The parameter identifiability problem for dynamic system ODE models has been extensively studied. Nevertheless, except for linear ODE models, the question of establishing identifiable combinations of parameters when the model is unidentifiable has not received as much attention and the problem is not fully resolved for nonlinear ODEs. Identifiable combinations are useful, for example, for the r...

PURPOSE Differential diagnosis between acute optic disc edema (ODE) and optic disc pseudoedema (PODE) may be a clinical challenge even for well-trained ophthalmologists. Funduscopy remains the first-line investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of funduscopy in differentiating ODE from PODE. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectiona...

BACKGROUND Agriculture organic dust exposures induce lung disease with lymphoid aggregates comprised of both T and B cells. The precise role of B cells in mediating lung inflammation is unknown, yet might be relevant given the emerging role of B cells in obstructive pulmonary disease and associated autoimmunity. METHODS Using an established animal model, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and B-cell rece...

The increasing use of distributed computer systems leads to an increasing need for distributed applications. Their development in various domains like office automation or computer integrated manufacturing is not sufficiently supported by current techniques. New software engineering concepts are needed in the three areas ‘languages’, ‘tools’, and ‘environments’. We believe that objectoriented t...

By measuring messenger RNA levels for all genes in a sample, RNA-seq provides an attractive option to characterize the global changes in transcription. RNA-seq is becoming the widely used platform for gene expression profiling. However, real transcription signals in the RNA-seq data are confounded with measurement and sequencing errors and other random biological/technical variation. To extract...

Sustained oscillations are frequently observed in biological systems consisting of a negative feedback loop, but a mathematical model with two ordinary differential equations (ODE) that has a negative feedback loop structure fails to produce sustained oscillations. Only when a time delay is introduced into the system by expanding to a three-ODE model, transforming to a two-DDE model, or introdu...