In this paper, we study the theory of pseudo knots, which are knots with some missing crossing information, and introduce tied links knotoids. particular, first present a braiding algorithm for then L-moves in that setting, use formulate sharpened version analogue Markov theorem braids. Then, links, generalize notion exploit relation between singular links. We an L-move braid equivalence monoid...

A mixed hardulood stand composed of 33% oak (Quercus “pp.), 33% yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), and 14% other spec ies, was clearcut in 1963. Twenty years lo ter a deueloping, even-aged stand of pedominantly sprout origin is domi?gated by yellow-poplar, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and sweet birch (Betula lenta L.). The 0ak.s are a minor and de...

The magnitude of inbreeding depression within populations is important for the evolution and maintenance of mixed mating systems. However, data are sparse on the magnitude of inbreeding depression in Robinia pseudoacacia. In this study, we compared differences in the mature seed set per fruit, seed mass, germination success, and seedling growth between self- and cross-pollination treatments and...

The conversion of farmland to forestland not only changes the ecological environment but also enriches the soil with organic matter and affects the global carbon cycle. This paper reviews the influence of land use changes on the soil organic carbon sink to determine whether the Chinese "Grain-for-Green" (conversion of farmland to forestland) project increased the rate of SOC content during its ...

This study aims at assessing the influence of slope angle and multi-directional flexing and their interaction on the root architecture of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings, with a particular focus on architectural model and trait plasticity. 36 trees were grown from seed in containers inclined at 0° (control) or 45° (slope) in a glasshouse. The shoots of half the plants were gently flexed for 5 mi...

Cropland afforestation has been widely found to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN); however, the magnitudes of SOC and STN accumulation and regulating factors are less studied in dry, marginal lands, and therein the interaction between soil carbon and nitrogen is not well understood. We examined the changes in SOC and STN in younger (5-9-year-old) and older (25-30-...

Aim Many invasive plant species benefit from enemy release resulting the absence of insect herbivores in their invaded range. However, over time, specialized may ‘catch up’ with such plants. Black locust is a tree relatively limited native range North America but has large areas virtually every temperate continent including America. We hypothesize that both intra- and intercontinental spread bl...

The scope of the experiments included analysis of the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts against bacterial and fungal cultures and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts tested microbial growth. Analysis of the antifungal and antibacterial activity was carried out by the disc diffusion method using paper discs. In the experiment...