Important changes brought about by the Melbourne International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,FungiandPlantsare briefly reviewed concerning a clarification of the spelling and typification of sanctioned fungal names, the recognition of electronic publication for the validity of nomenclatural novelties, permission to use English diagnoses or descriptions for their valid publication, and the requ...

When the visual system is faced with conflicting or ambiguous stimulus information, visual perception fluctuates over time. We found that perceptual alternations are slowed when inducing stimuli move within the visual field, constantly engaging fresh, unadapted neural tissue. During binocular rivalry, dominance durations were longer when rival figures moved compared to when they were stationary...

This short paper is a work in progress describing our participation in the GRID@CLEF task. The GRID@CLEF task is intended to capture in XML form the intermediate results of the text processing phases of the indexing process used by IR systems. Our approach was to create a new instrumented version of the indexing program used with the Cheshire II system. Thanks to an extension by the organizers,...

A color scale was designed with an approach that combined both human visual response to color and physical properties of color. The design was initiated with a subjective evaluation of a 16 step color scale running from dark blue via magenta, orange to light yellow. The CIELUV chromaticity diagram was employed to verify the subjectively generated scale and to ensure that the differences in hue ...

This paper explores the role of local structural conditions that facilitate or hinder violence when enmity is present between parties. This is illustrated by examining violence among street gangs. Using structural balance theory, the current research investigates whether certain triadic structures in which two rival gangs i and j are related to a third gang with either an ally or rival relation...

Signals in intraspecific communication should be inherently honest; otherwise the system is prone to collapse. Theory predicts, however, that honest signalling systems are susceptible to invasion by cheats, the extent of which is largely mediated by fear of reprisal. Cuttlefish facultatively change their shape and colour, an ability that evolved to avoid predators and capture prey. Here, we sho...

This paper provides a new explanation for tying that is not based on any of the standard explanations – efficiency, price discrimination, and exclusion. Our analysis shows how a monopolist sometimes has an incentive to tie a complementary good to its monopolized good in order to transfer profits from a rival producer of the complementary product to the monopolist. This occurs even when consumer...

A resource based ecological competition model with interference is proposed. The model is based on Lotka-Volterra dynamics with two predators competing for a single, limited prey. Interference effects are considered in this article. When the interference coefficient, expressing the damage effect from its rival, is small, the mathematical analysis shows that the winner in purely exploitative com...

Figure 1 shows an example of visual transparency. The image could arise from a number of different physical causes. For example, a square of tissue paper could be in front of a dark grey circle; or a circular shadow could be cast on a plane containing a light grey square; or a dark circular filter could be lying on top of a light grey square. Although the physics is uncertain, one can perceive ...