where the debtor fails to perform the contract, he would have contractual liability. (this amount to contractual liability of the debtor) can debtor have the right to ignore contractual liability and invoke for tortuous? right to choose is definitely raised where non-performance of contract amounts to contractual liability as well as tortuous liability. some confirm this right to choose and giv...

Abstract In the face of current decline or spectacular collapse peace processes, this article investigates whether has become systematically blocked. It ineffectiveness an ‘international architecture’ (IPA) can be explained by a more potent counterpeace system, which is growing in its shadow. identifies as proto-systemic processes that connect spoilers across all scales (local, regional, nation...

[1] An idealised Pangean configuration is integrated in a coupled ocean atmosphere general circulation model to investigate the form of the ocean circulation and its impacts on the large scale climate system. A vigorous, hemispherically symmetric overturning is found, driven by deep water formation at high latitudes. Whilst the peak mass transport is around 100 Sv, a low vertical temperature gr...

nowadays, a noticeable part of the relations among the states turn around the environment protection. therefore, the right for ever-creasing use of the existing resources of this inland sea cannot be exclusive to any caspian state and the aftermath involves all countries of this basin. in this respect, agreement on political border and boundaries with the caspian sea?s ecosystem is a difficult ...

Throughout Africa, there has been a rising amount of civil unrest. The continent has been plagued with genocide, resource wars, ethnic conflict and civil war. In recent years, the world has seen multiple efforts to create peace throughout Africa. While there have been many peace accords signed throughout the region, the success of creating stable peace has not been achieved. In response to the ...

Peace is commonly considered as 'absence of war'. Nevertheless, peace the so called 'positive peace' (Galtung, 1996) – implies a lot more than this. It implies the creation of a society based on social justice through equal opportunity, a fair distribution of power and resources, equal protection and impartial enforcement of law, and above all, mutual cultural understanding and respect. Th us, ...

Motivated by the peace process in Israel I define a peace-making game by positive aggregate externalities and strategic complements and provide a characterization of equilibria without uncertainty. I argue that under the realistic scenario two pure equilibria exists involving either full peace-making efforts or no at all by both parties. I show that under Knightian uncertainty, that is uncertai...