by Daniel Friedman and Nirvikar Singh Economics Department UC Santa Cruz May 21, 1999 Abstract Using a simple symmetric game to illustrate, we point out shortcomings in previous theoretical accounts of how the human vengeance motive survives despite a free rider problem. We offer a new theoretical explanation involving the coevolution of genes that determine the capacity for vengeance and memes...

Accurate detection and classification of vulnerable road users is a safety critical requirement for the deployment autonomous vehicles in heterogeneous traffic. Although similar physical appearance to pedestrians, e-scooter riders follow distinctly different characteristics movement can reach speeds up 45kmph. The challenge detecting exacerbated urban environments where frequency partial occlus...

Motorcycle is among the most popular and important modes of land transportation in tropical developing countries like Sri Lanka. Yet, research on effect motorcycles traffic safety Lanka limited. Investigation risk factors contributory causes motorcycle crashes using data sourced from Police records was objective this research. Police-reported crash contain details at all severity levels that go...

This research investigated the impact of motorcycle headlight configurations, rider colors, and age of the drivers (participants) on motorcycle conspicuity in simulated urban and rural environments.

Highlights Previous quad bike educational interventions focused solely on operator behavior, leading to positive shifts in ‘safety knowledge’ but very little change actual rider behavior. Discussions a recent virtual ATV Safety Symposium hosted by the University of California-Davis (2022) emphasized building agricultural community awareness engineering controls—particularly U.S. and other natio...

To investigate the effect of increasing velocity within one gait on horse and rider movement and to describe the resulting changes in saddle forces, seven ridden dressage horses were examined on an instrumented treadmill. The speed ranged between 1.3-1.8 m/s at walk and 2.6-3.6 m/s at trot. Kinematics of the horse and rider, vertical ground reaction forces and saddle forces were measured simult...