STUDY OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to compare the benefits of different length naps relative to no nap and to analyze the electroencephalographic elements that may account for the benefits. DESIGN A repeated-measures design included 5 experimental conditions: a no-nap control and naps of precisely 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes of sleep. SETTING Nocturnal sleep restricted to about ...

We investigate the notion of history preserving bisimulation [15, 18, 3] for contextual P/T nets, a generalization of ordinary P/T Petri nets where a transition may check for the presence of tokens without consuming them (non-destructive read operations). A first equivalence, simply called HP-bisimulation, is based on Winskel’s prime event structures. A finer equivalence, called RHP-bisimulatio...

Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain JSC-3b isolated from a water canal adjacent to a vegetable field produces a protein that was purified by bioactivity-guided fractionation based on ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange absorption and size exclusion. The protein was further identified as an endoribonuclease L-PSP (Liver-Perchloric acid-soluble protein) by shotgun mass spectrometry analysi...

This is a review of two of the fundamental tools for analysis of soliton equations: i) the algebraic ones based on Kac-Moody algebras, their central extensions and their dual algebras which underlie the Hamiltonian structures of the NLEE; ii) the construction of the fundamental analytic solutions (FAS) of the Lax operator and the Riemann-Hilbert problem (RHP) which they satisfy. The fact that t...

The shift from a biphasic to a monophasic sleep schedule is a fundamental milestone in early childhood. This transition, however, may result in periods of acute sleep loss as children may nap on some but not all days. Although data indicating the behavioral consequences of nap deprivation in young children are accumulating, little is known about changes to sleep neurophysiology following daytim...

Bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) form nucleoprotein complexes and influence the expression of genes. Recent studies have shown that some plasmids carry genes encoding NAP homologs, which play important roles in transcriptional regulation networks between plasmids and host chromosomes. In this study, we determined the distributions of the well-known NAPs Fis, H-NS, HU, IHF, and Lrp ...

Bacterial periplasmic nitrate reductases (Nap) can play different physiological roles and are expressed under different conditions depending on the organism. Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM158 has a Nap system, encoded by the napKEFDABC gene cluster, but nitrite formed is not further reduced because this strain lacks nitrite reductase. Nap activity increases in the presence of nitrate and oxygen bu...

A B s x a A C v In the dark, the photoaffinity reagent, N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2aminoethylsulfonate (NAP-taurine), acts as a reversible inhibitor of red cell anion exchange when it is present either within the cell or in the external solution. A detailed analysis of the inhibition kinetics, however, reveals substantial differences in the responses to the probe at the two sides of the membran...