Boron (B) deficiency results in inhibition of pumpkin (Cucurbia moschata Duchesne) growth that is accompanied by swelling of the cell walls. Monomeric rhamnogalacturonan II (mRG-II) accounted for 80% to 90% of the total RG-II in B-deficient walls, whereas the borate ester cross-linked RG-II dimer (dRG-II-B) accounted for more than 80% of the RG-II in control plants. The results of glycosyl resi...

A series of PtM (M=Co, Ni)/reduced graphene oxide (rG-O) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscop...

Radial glia (RG), the progenitors of cortical neurons and basal progenitors (BPs), differentiate from neuroepithelial cells (NCs) with stem cell properties. We show that the morphogen Fgf10 is transiently expressed by NCs coincident with the transition period of NC differentiation into RG. Targeted deletion of Fgf10 delays RG differentiation, whereas overexpression has opposing effects. Delayed...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic eczema and mechanical injury to the skin, caused by scratching. Korean red ginseng (RG) has diverse biological activities, but the molecular effects of RG on allergic diseases, like AD, are unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether RG inhibits 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced...

BACKGROUND Improving saccharification efficiency in bioenergy crop species remains an important challenge. Here, we report the characterization of a Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) mutant, named REDforGREEN (RG), as a bioenergy feedstock. RESULTS It was found that RG displayed increased accumulation of lignin in leaves and depletion in the stems, antithetic to the trend observed in wild type. Co...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the impact of intensive training on adult final height in elite female rhythmic and artistic gymnasts. METHODS The study included 215 rhythmic gymnasts (RG) and 113 artistic gymnasts (AG). RESULTS AG were below the 50th percentile, while RG were taller than average. Final adult height was lower than target height in AG, while in RG, it exceeded...

One important step in the renormalization-group (RG) approach to a lattice sandpile model is the exact enumeration of all possible toppling processes of sandpile dynamics inside a cell for RG transformations. Here we propose a computer algorithm to carry out such exact enumeration for cells of planar lattices in the RG approach to the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 381...

If Interactive Digital Television (IDTV) and Residential Service Gateway (RG) converge, i.e. to share services and resources, add-on values or new services could be created. We assume that a user will have an IDTV instance and an RG instance. These two can be implemented on a single machine or each on a separate machine connected by a network. Collaboration architectures of IDTV and RG support ...

Radial glial (RG) cells, in the neocortical ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ), generate cortical projection neurons both in rodents and humans, but whether they can also generate cortical interneurons is not clear. We demonstrated both on cryosections and in cell cultures that in the human VZ/SVZ, cells can be double labeled with RG markers and calretinin (CalR) and GABA, markers that su...

Global temperature change causes heat stress related disorders in humans. A constituent of red ginseng has been known the beneficial effect on the resistance to many diseases. However, the mechanism of red ginseng (RG) against heat stress still remains unclear. To determine the effect of RG on heat stress, we examined the effect of the RG on the gene expression profiles in rats subjected to env...