The successful development of processes of separation by permeation through polymeric membranes requires an understanding of the simultaneous transport of two or more substances. Although the permeation of single substances has been widely studied the systematic examination of mixtures has only just begun. This paper discusses the ways in which simultaneous permeants may mutually influence one ...

In acetic acid fermentation by Acetobacter aceti, the acetic acid produced inhibits the production of acetic acid by this microorganism. To alleviate this inhibitory effect, we developed an electrodialysis fermentation method such that acetic acid is continuously removed from the broth. The fermentation unit has a computerized system for the control of the pH and the concentration of ethanol in...

The separation membrane techniques in which an external electric field is applied as a driving force (such as electrodialysis, electro-electrodialysis, and membrane electrolysis) are shortly described and their application in environment protection is presented. Attention was focused on recovery of valuable chemicals from effluents and waste gases. Examples of new production methods that elimin...

• Novel reverse electrodialysis process model including magnesium and sulfate. Uphill transport, increased membrane resistance, permselectivity loss included. Model validation with experimental data literature (up to 50 mol. %). reproduces RED in single-stage, multi-stage, segmented electrode. Reverse (RED) is an electro-membrane harvest renewable energy from salinity gradients. models have bee...

A mathematical model has been developed which describes the mass transfer across monovalent-ionpermselective membranes as used in an electrodialysis cell. The mass transfer model is based on the StefanMaxwell transport equations. The latters are derived in the membrane phase with two unstirred layers on each side. Donnan equilibrium is used to describe the concentration and the potential discon...