Class III skeletal pattern is characterized by disharmony between maxillary and mandibular basal bones anteroposteriorly, and might or might not be associated with dental changes. In general, facial esthetics is hindered significantly, which most of times is the reason why patients or patient's guardians seek treatment. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofac...

7 Idesigned to help ensure that doctors around the world are competent and keep up to date throughout their working lives. The United Kingdom has introduced a form of revalidation to achieve this, and regulators in different countries have taken a range of approaches to reach the same end. The Medical Board of Australia (MBA) is nowexaminingwhatwillworkbest inAustralia, a system tailored to our...

In an editorial in this Journal I asked the question whether recertification, albeit for specialists, would be far behind. Over the last few weeks, most doctors in the United Kingdom received a summary paper concerning the General Medical Council's (GMC) proposals for revalidation. In essence, the GMC is proposing the submission of a portfolio on a five yearly basis. The events and scandals tha...

The programme follows a five year cycle of CPD activity in which 250 credits need to be accumulated. Participants are expected to accumulate 50 credits per year. The system allows doctors to record their educational activity which they are then able to present at their appraisal and revalidation. It supports them in specific changes in practice and career development. Points given by the Colleg...

Assessment using portfolios has recently gained wider acceptance, and is being considered relevant to several educational aspects in medicine, including formative and summative assessment during resident training, revalidation and continuing professional development. In this article, we provide an overview of the use of portfolio as an assessment and learning tool. We have discussed the rationa...

In this paper we describe a knowledge-based system for extracting knowledge from academic and registrar databases using source mining, where the sources are data or text. Other sources not included in this research are image, sound or gestures. Patterns of student behaviour were obtained by examining data from student attributes such as city of birth, scholarship needs, field of knowledge and m...

In a recent functional magnetic resonance imaging study, a complex neural circuit was shown to be involved in human males during sexual arousal [A. Ferretti et al. (2005) Neuroimage, 26, 1086]. At group level, there was a specific correlation between penile erection and activations in anterior cingulate, insula, amygdala, hypothalamus and secondary somatosensory regions. However, it is well kno...

Feedback from colleagues and patients is a core element of the revalidation process being developed by the General Medical Council. However, there are few feedback tools which have been specifically developed and validated for doctors in primary care. This paper presents data demonstrating the reliability and validity of one such tool. The CFEP360 tool combines feedback from the Colleague Feedb...