The soil water retention curve (SWRC) is essential for assessing flow and solute transport in unsaturated media. van Genuchten (VG) model widely used to describe the SWRC; however, estimation of its effective hydraulic parameters often prone error, especially when data exist only a limited range matric potential. We developed Metropolis-Hastings algorithm Markov chain Monte Carlo (MH-MCMC) appr...

Many studies of water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone require estimates of the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties, including the soil water retention curve ~WRC! describing the relationship between soil suction and water content. An artificial neural network ~ANN! approach was developed to describe the WRC using observed data from several soils. The ANN approach was found to pro...

Flow recession curves of rivers are commonly simulated by the equation of a single linear reservoir which is determined by one parameter, the retention constant. In reality, however, retention-discharge characteristics are hardly linear and recession curves can be approximated only sectionwise by linear reservoirs with retention "constant" values which increase while discharge decreases. In the...

A mechanism of the solute retention in gas-liquid chromatography has been studied in the nonpolar hydrocarbon solute-polar stationary liquid phase system. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine (THEED) was used as a polar stationary liquid phase. A dependence of the retention volume of the solutes and of the specific surface area of the liquid-coated, modified alumina upon the liqui...

For practical reasons, little information is available about memory across very long learning-retention intervals. To determine the time course of forgetting in very long-term memory, a memory test was constructed that sampled events (former one-season television programs) that had occurred during a single year from 1 to 15 years ago. Updated versions of the test were administered each year for...

Individual researchers express a variety of views about the eyewitness confidence–accuracy relationship, but an argument could be made that the consensus view in the field is that (1) confidence is, at best, a weak indicator of accuracy, (2) the confidence–accuracy relationship becomes weaker still as the retention interval increases, and (3) eyewitnesses who express high confidence tend to be ...

We present results from simulations of vibrational energy and phase relaxation and electronic curve crossing using a multilevel formulation of Redfield theory, which demonstrate the shortcomings of the optical Bloch approximation and the importance of coherence transfer processes in the relaxation dynamics of multilevel systems. Specifically, we show that for a harmonic well, energy relaxation ...

Mollisols of Santa Fe have different tilth and load support capacity. Despite the importance of these attributes to achieve a sustainable crop production, few information is available. The objectives of this study are i) to assess soil physical indicators related to plant growth and to soil mechanical behavior; and ii) to establish relationships to estimate the impact of soil loading on the soi...

Relatively small changes in the shape of the soil water retention curve near saturation can signi®cantly a€ect the results of numerical simulations of variably saturated ̄ow, including the performance of the numerical scheme itself in terms of stability and rate of convergence. In this paper, we use a modi®ed form of the van Genuchten±Mualem (VGM) soil hydraulic functions to account for a very ...