Endolymph is truly unique among the extracellular body fluids, in more ways than we have previously appreciated. A number of established concepts associated with other fluids, such as the concept of “secretion” (i.e. the process of generating new fluid in volume), simply do not apply to endolymph. The high metabolic costs of endolymph generation have resulted in highly efficient homeostatic pro...

A reallocation problem is defined as determining whether blocks can be moved from their current boxes to their destination boxes in the number of moves less than or equal to a given positive integer. This problem is defined simply and has many practical applications. We previously proved the following results: The reallocation problem such that the block volume is restricted to one volume unit ...

BACKGROUND Intravenous fluids (IVF) are frequently utilized to restore intravascular volume in patients with distributive and hypovolemic shock. Although the benefits of the appropriate use of fluids in intensive care units (ICUs) and hospitals are well described, there is growing knowledge regarding the potential risks of volume overload and its impact on organ failure and mortality. To avoid ...

designing drilling fluids for drilling in deep gas reservoirs and geothermal wells is a majorchallenge. cooling drilling fluids and preparing stable mud with high thermal conductivity are ofgreat concern. drilling nanofluids, i.e. a low fraction of carbon nanotube (cnt) well dispersed inmud, may enhance the mixture thermal conductivity compared to the base fluids. thus, they arepotentially usef...

The spatial distribution of greenschist-facies retrograde reaction products in metabasic gneisses from Iona, western Scotland, has been investigated. may be broadly accounted for by a single reaction, but their different and temporal development indicates that series reactions occur with significantly scales metasomatic transfer. After initial fluid influx linked to deformation-induced high per...

     In this work, for the first time, the rheological properties of nanofluids of lanthania nanoparticles (NPs) in ethylene glycol (EG) as functions of shear rate, volume fraction, and temperature were measured. The results showed that both EG and the nanofluids behave as non-Newtonian fluids at lower shear rates and transform to Newtonian fluids at higher shear rates. The values of viscosity ...

Gravity waves were generated at the interface between miscible fluids, or at the top of a settling suspension or a fluidized bed. For these three systems the dispersion relation was measured and compared to the theory and calculated between two buoyant viscous fluids without surface tension. The experimental findings are found to be in good agreement with theory when effective viscosity and vol...