BACKGROUND A few observational studies have found an inverse association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the risk of depression. Randomized trials with an intervention based on this dietary pattern could provide the most definitive answer to the findings reported by observational studies. The aim of this study was to compare in a randomized trial the effects of two Mediterranean d...

The complex and dynamic interactions between diet, gut microbiota (GM) structure and function, and colon carcinogenesis are only beginning to be elucidated. We examined the colonic microbiota and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in C57BL/6N female mice fed various dietary interventions (control, energy restricted and high-fat) provided during two phases (initiation and progression) of azoxymethane (AO...

BACKGROUND Several studies have documented an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but few data are available on the relationship between Mediterranean diet and risk of stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS For the present study, 74,886 women 38 to 63 years of age in the Nurses' Health Study, a cohort study of female nurses, without a...

To investigate the influence of fat-feeding dams on the food choice of their pups after weaning, each of three groups of dams was fed a low-fat diet (LHD), a high-fat diet (HFD) or a two-choice diet of LFD and HFD during pregnancy and lactation. Immediately after weaning, all pups were placed on a two-choice diet program for 5 wk. The fat energy ratio (F ratio) for dams fed the two-choice diet ...

In 3 healthy male physicians a reduction of dietary fat produced a significant fall in the serum cholesterol concentration. Subsequently, when a diet containing normal quantities of fat but very low in cholesterol was taken, a rise in serum cholesterol concentration occurred in all 3 subjects. W HILE controversy has long prevailed concerning the possibility of lowering serum cholesterol by regu...

SCOPE Investigate the influence of low-folate supply during pregnancy and lactation on obesity and markers of the metabolic syndrome in offspring, and how provision of a high-fat diet post weaning may exacerbate the resultant phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Female C57Bl/6 mice were randomized to low or normal folate diets (0.4 or 2 mg folic acid/kg diet) prior to and during pregnancy and lacta...

The number of studies comparing nutritional quality of restrictive diets is limited. Data on vegan subjects are especially lacking. It was the aim of the present study to compare the quality and the contributing components of vegan, vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian and omnivorous diets. Dietary intake was estimated using a cross-sectional online survey with a 52-items food frequenc...

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of a standardised training programme focusing on maintenance of fat free mass during weight reduction by energy reduction in obese children. DESIGN Randomised trial of physical training programme and dietary advice (group A) versus dietary advice alone (group B). SUBJECTS Thirty obese children and adolescents (14 group A, 16 group B) participated in the 12 week...

Study selection Studies were selected if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with ≥ 6 months follow-up that compared advice on low-fat diets (treatment group) with other weight reducing diets (control group), the primary purpose of the study was weight loss, and participants were adults ( ≥ 18 y of age) who were overweight or obese (body mass index > 25 kg/m) at baseline. RCTs includi...

BACKGROUND Nutritional studies focus on traditional cultural models and lifestyles in different countries. The aim of this study was to examine the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, life habits, and risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases among people living in different geographical regions in Spain. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in each region. Th...