The presence of the resting membrane potential has a strong effect on the dielectric behavior of cell suspensions. Using this observation and a well-established theoretical model, the low frequency dielectric dispersion curves of E. coli cell suspensions are de-convoluted to obtain the resting membrane potential of E. coli cells at various growth stages. Four regions of the exponential growth s...

A quantitative mathematical formalism which was previously introduced has been utilized to obtain the cell kinetic parameters which characterize the in vivo leukemic myeloblast cell populations in two patients studied by Clarkson and his coworkers. The principal tentative conclusions are: (a) all cells which are actively proliferating must enter the resting state following cell division; (b) ab...

Recent studies indicate that the cell membrane, interacting with its attached cytoskeleton, is an important regulator of cell function, exerting and responding to forces. We investigate this relationship by looking for connections between cell membrane elastic properties, especially surface tension and bending modulus, and cell function. Those properties are measured by pulling tethers from the...

Resting CD4(+) T cells are the best-defined reservoir of latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but how the reservoir is formed is unclear. Understanding how the reservoir of latently infected cells forms is critical because it is a major barrier to curing HIV infection. The system described here may provide an in vitro model of latent HIV-1 infection in resting CD4(+) T ...

Most current evidence suggests that the infection of resting CD4(+) T cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is not productive due to partial or complete blocks in the viral life cycle at steps prior to integration of the viral genome into the host cell chromosome. However, stimulation of an infected resting T cell by antigen, cytokines, or microenvironmental factors can overcome ...

objectives: wheelchairs are the prime mobility aid of persons with spinal cord injuries. manual wheelchair propulsion puts a lot of demand on the cardiopulmonary as well as the skeletal system. the main purpose of the study was to compare the effects of both arm ergometry training and progressive resistance exercise training of upper limbs on resting heart rate and distance covered during wheel...

Introduction: Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Despite extensive studies, the prognostic impact of infiltrating Tregs in non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) remains unclear. Emerging studies suggest substantial heterogeneity phenotypes and suppressive capacity Tregs, emphasizing importance understanding Treg diversity need for mark...

HIV-1 targets the monocyte/macrophage lineage and CD4+ T cells for its replication. The efficiency of infection, replication, cell-to-cell spread differs between these cell types. These differences are caused by various factors such as viral tropism, proteins, host factors, proliferation. However, precise mechanisms how macrophages influence infection have not been fully elucidated. Macrophages...

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is known for induction of apoptosis in IFN-γ and IL-17 producing T-cells and amelioration of autoimmunity in murine models. On the other hand, Gal-9 induced IFN-γ positive T-cells in a sarcoma mouse model and in food allergy, suggesting that Gal-9 can have diametric effects on T-cell immunity. Here, we aimed to delineate the immunomodulatory effect of Gal-9 on human resting a...