Many features of the general circulation of the atmosphere shift upward in response to warming in simulations of climate change with both general circulation models (GCMs) and cloud-system-resolving models. The importance of the upward shift is well known, but its physical basis and the extent to which it occurs coherently across variables are not well understood. A transformation is derived he...

Both the short- and long-term electron-transfer processes of electrode-respiring Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms are demonstrated by using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The QCM monitors the frequency shift from the initial resonant frequency (background) in real time, while the current increases, because of biofilm growth. In the short term, the frequency shift is line...

background acoustic trauma is an injury to the hearing mechanisms in the inner ear due to excessive noise. this injury is the most prevalent cause of sensorineural hearing loss in humans, especially from occupational exposure. previous studies have shown the essential role of free radical formation in the inner ear hearing loss caused by acoustic trauma. objectives this study was performed to d...

It has been shown that inflammation reduces the effectiveness of sympathetic nerves in the regulation of knee joint blood flow, and the joint vascular- ß adrenoceptors are changed due to acute inflammation from a majority of ß-1 to an equality of ß-1 and ß-2 receptors.. To investigate the role of sympathetic nerves in nerve induced vasoconstriction and changes in joint vascular ß-adrenoceptors ...

Background & Aims: Shift work is programmed in various schedules, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The main purposes of this study were: a) to determine common shift schedules used in petrochemical industries, b) to compare shift work health-related problems among employees working in different shift schedules and c) to recommend appropriate shift schedule. Methods: This cross...

Response selection in task shifting was explored using a go/no-go methodology. The no-go signal occurred unpredictably with stimulus onset so that all trials required task preparation but only go trials required response selection. Experiment 1 showed that shift costs were absent after no-go trials, indicating that response processes are crucial for shift costs. In Experiment 2, backward inhibi...

quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) are employed both as disinfectants for manual processing lines and surfaces in the food industry, and in human medicine area. qacs also cause cell death by protein denaturation . one of the qac is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) that appears to rapture the cell membrane. the primary site of action of ctab has been suggested to be the lipid components...

The scope of this study was to evaluate the sleep/wake cycle in shift work nurses, as well as their sleep quality and chronotype. The sleep/wake cycle was evaluated by keeping a sleep diary for a total of 60 nurses with a mean age of 31.76 years. The Horne & Östberg Questionnaire (1976) for the chronotype and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality were applied. The results ...

The present paper reports preliminary data obtained in a study of maximum speed of pitch change. The study used an imitation paradigm to elicit fast alternating high and low pitch sequences from native speakers of Mandarin and English who were not professional singers. The speed of pitch change was measured both in terms of response time — time needed to complete the middle 75% of a pitch shift...