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Many real-world analytics problems involve two significant challenges: prediction and optimization. Because of the typically complex nature each challenge, standard paradigm is predict-then-optimize. By large, machine learning tools are intended to minimize error do not account for how predictions will be used in downstream optimization problem. In contrast, we propose a new very general framew...

Halfway through the 20th century, views on pain in labour encompassed almost everything from women's self-blame to blaming nurses, midwives, doctors or partners for 'bad experiences'. Soon after that, giving birth came to be seen - in some settings and by some caregivers - as a 'natural' and thus benign event which women could 'master'. In their recent systematic review of women's expectations ...