Open Access The tremendous advancement in medical research in USA owes much to the Flexner's report in 1910 which suggested making the scientific research an essential component of medical curriculum. 1 National Institute of Health (NIH) of the United States during 1946-50, put the biomedical research as its top priority and faculty was encouraged to implant the " virus of curiosity and inquiry...

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) were created to review, approve and oversee animal experiments and to balance the interests of researchers, animals, institutions and the general public. This study analyzed the overall membership of IACUCs at leading U.S. research institutions. We found that these committees and their leadership are comprised of a preponderance of animal re...

Like in other advanced industrial countries, in France, demographic aging has become a widely debated research and policy topic. This article offers a brief overview of major aging-related trends in France. The article describes France's demographics of aging, explores key policy matters, maps the institutional field of French social gerontology research, and, finally, points to several emergin...

In the interest of reinforcing the relationship between academic research and professional practice, certain postgraduate design courses can serve as research think tanks for cultural institutions or projects which may not have access to inhouse research departments, either for organic reasons or as a result of limited resources. This approach, which we have been implementing since 2006 within ...

Development economics has been the beneÞciary of a rich tradition of Þeld research. Within this broad tradition there is a huge variety of methods, from short qualitative studies to large-scale surveys. In this note, however, I focus on one point in this broad space of research methodologies iterative Þeld research in which the collection of data through surveys is combined with detailed observ...

This report describes the results of NCGIA Research Initiative 9 on Institutions Sharing Geographic Information. It begins with a discussion of objectives and the process of developing a research agenda. The initiative was active during the period June 1992 through the summer of 1994, although the final wrap-up meeting was not held until July 1995. Since that time, offshoot research activities ...

Research Institutions (RIs) in last decades have been involved in both production of technological applications and commercialisation of research results for the sake of technology transfer. These tasks are frequently taken as overlapping by both practitioners and theory, whereas they should be ideally separated. The present paper focus on the latter, by questioning why RIs have to be involved ...