the holy quran is a friendly letter from our creator that contains many facetiaes, delicacies and ‎profound ‎implications for the guidence, growth and perfection of human as god’s successor.‎ the more accurate knowledge and understanding of verses of quran, as an epiphany of his ‎divine ‎names, is an incipience for their appearance in human and it requires a kind of awakening, ‎awareness ‎and i...

This paper presents an approach to creating flexible general-logic representations from language for use in high-level reasoning tasks in cognitive modeling. These representations are grounded in a large-scale ontology and emphasize the need for semantic breadth at the cost of syntactic breadth. The task-independent interpretation process allows task-specific pragmatics to guide the interpretat...

We propose a fast algorithm for the identification of localised brain regions from medical images that discriminate between two groups of individuals. The method is based on a combination of penalised regression and a data resampling procedure. We apply this approach to both MRI and PET images for the classification of subjects with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. We show tha...

In this paper, we propose a scheme for anaphora annotation in Hindi Dependency Treebank. The goal is to identify and handle the challenges that arise in the annotation of reference relations in Hindi. We identify some of the issues related to anaphora annotation specific to Hindi such as distribution of markable span, sequential annotation, representation format, annotation of multiple referent...

access to stable development requires organized participation of all people, including women in all institutes. reduction of limitations and increase in legal authority of women are necessary to achieve the highest rate of participation. in this regard, a developmental approach demands a balanced increase in the legal knowledge, organizational authorities and civil demands of women particularly...

background: there are several conflicting conceptual models to explain social determinants of health (sdh) as responsible for most health inequalities. this study aimed to present these models in historical perspective and provide main component of sdh models as an ses indicators. methods: this was a narrative study using international databases to retrieve literature dealing with conceptual mo...

We report here on a study of interannotator agreement in the coreference task as defined by the Message Understanding Conference (MUC-6 and MUC-7). Based on feedback from annotators, we clarified and simplified the annotation specification. We then performed an analysis of disagreement among several annotators, concluding that only 16% of the disagreements represented genuine disagreement about...

This working note sketches out, in a rather skeletal form, a model of language understanding using the knowledge representation language KM. In this model, KM “prototypes” encode stereotypical expectations about the world, and language understanding involves constructing a scene from prototypes which best matches (a possible interpretation of) the input text. As a starting point towards this, w...

A survey of research on spoken language understanding is presented. It covers aspects of knowledge representation, automatic interpretation strategies, semantic grammars, conceptual language models, semantic event detection, shallow semantic parsing, semantic classification, semantic confidence, active learning

among the many reasons that may limit the adoption of promising reform ideas, policy capacity is the least recognized. the concept itself is not widely understood. although policy capacity is concerned with the gathering of information and the formulation of options for public action in the initial phases of policy consultation and development, it also touches on all stages of the policy proces...