Fipronil is a pyrazole insecticide used to control undesirable insect populations. Due its large-scale application, there the potential for surface waters’ contamination, with toxic action non-target organisms, and consequent impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Planarians are invertebrates these insecticides. They widespread in tropical freshwaters have been proposed as good candidates assess effect...

Since the discovery of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in mammals at the beginning of the 1970s, it was generally accepted that GnRH is the only hypothalamic neuropeptide regulating gonadotropin release in mammals and other vertebrates. In 2000, however, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide that actively inhibits gonadotropin release, was discovered in...

In recent years, the scientific community has become increasingly interested in spermatogonia. Methodological breakthroughs, such as germ cell transplantation and spermatogonial culture combined with novel germ line transfection strategies, have provided interesting new opportunities for studying the physiology of spermatogonial stem cells and their interaction with the stem cell niche. Further...

Copyright: © 2012 Asimakopoulos B. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The structure and the function of the Hypothalamus-PituitaryGonadal (HPG) axis is an integral part of the knowledge on the phy...

Assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs), such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer are well established and have been used in a wide range of species. To date, the economic impact of these ARTs in horses has rapidly increased. While many studies have attempted to improve the efficiency of ARTs, overall success remains relatively restricted due principally to a limited knowledge of the...

treatments with secretion of female accessory gland and micropyle cap substance. Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 14, 381391. Engelmann, F. (1970). The Physiology of Insect Reproduction. Pergamon, New York. Gillett, C. 0 988). Arthropoda-Insecta. In Reproductive Biology of invertebrates. Vol III. Accessory Sex Glands. (K. G. and R. G. Adiyodi, Eds.), pp. 319-471. Wiley, New York. Gillott, C. (1...

Until 2000 it was believed that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was the sole regulator of hypophyseal gonadotropes. In 2000, the discovery of a gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) initiated a revolution in the field of reproductive physiology. Identification of GnIH homologues in mammals, the arginine-phenylalanine-amide (RFamide)-related peptides (RFRPs), indicated a similar function....

Research in the area of equine breeding management has made major progress towards understanding the idiosyncrasies of equine reproduction since data was first reported at the Equine Nutrition and Physiology Society meeting in 1983. The purpose of this paper is to provide the horse industry with an overview of the types of technology equine scientists have developed as they relate to equine rep...

In recent years, the incidences of obesity, diabetes mellitus and male factor infertility have increased in the general population. Obesity, which can lead to metabolic syndrome, is characterized by elevated leptin levels; diabetes mellitus is characterized by decreased insulin levels or insulin insensitivity. A large body of evidence suggests that insulin and leptin play a role in the physiolo...