We study superstrings with orientifold projections and with generalized open string boundary conditions (D-branes). We find two types of consistency condition, one related to the algebra of Chan-Paton factors and the other to cancellation of divergences. One consequence is that the Dirichlet 5-branes of the Type I theory carry a symplectic gauge group, as required by string duality. As another ...

Spatially resolved reflectance measurements are widely used for determination of the optical properties of biological media. However, the influence of the phase function on these measurements has not been quantified. We show that errors in the derived reduced scattering and absorption coefficients are as great as 100% for both absolute and relative spatially resolved reflectance measurements if...

Using quantile regressions, this paper provides evidence that the relationship between school inputs and wages varies across points in the conditional wage distribution and educational attainment levels. Although smaller classes generally have a positive return for individuals at high quantiles, they have either no impact or a negative impact at low quantiles. Similarly, while more highly paid ...

Growing interest in emotion regulation is reflected in the studies of cognitive and social development. However, the extant studies mainly highlight how emotion regulation develops based on a western value system. This study utilised a longitudinal design to examine the development of emotion regulation and explored the contributions of different regulatory strategies to emotion experience rega...

Dimension reduction for regression is a prominent issue today because technological advances now allow scientists to routinely formulate regressions in which the number of predictors is considerably larger than in the past. While several methods have been proposed to deal with such regressions, principal components (PCs) still seem to be the most widely used across the applied sciences. We give...

In this paper we investigate the mapping properties in Lebesgue-type spaces of certain generalized Radon transforms defined by integration over curves. Let X and Y be open subsets of R, d ≥ 2, and let Z be a smooth submanifold of X×Y ⊂ R2d of dimension d+1. Assume that the projections π1 : Z → X and π2 : Z → Y are submersions at each point of Z. For each y ∈ Y , let γy = {x ∈ X : (x, y) ∈ Z} = ...

The main result of this note, Theorem 2, is the following: a Borel measure on the space of infinite Hermitian matrices, that is invariant under the action of the infinite unitary group and that admits welldefined projections onto the quotient space of “corners” of finite size, must be finite. A similar result, Theorem 1, is also established for unitarily invariant measures on the space of all i...

A new method of fringe shifting for color structured pattern projection is presented for three-dimensional (3D) surface height measurement. Temporal encoding of color stripes is combined with locally spatial shifting of multiple fringes to realize image acquisition with a small number of pattern projections. Object topography is retrieved with high resolution by decoding the code word of each f...