Theories of spoken production have not specifically addressed whether the phonemes of a word compete with each other for selection during phonological encoding (e.g., whether /t/ competes with /k/ in cat). Spoken production theories were evaluated and found to fall into three classes, theories positing (1) no competition, (2) competition among phonemes within the same syllable position, and (3)...

The classic method of Nelson and Oppen for combining decision procedures requires the theories to be stably-infinite. Unfortunately, some important theories do not fall into this category (e.g. the theory of bit-vectors). To remedy this problem, previous work introduced the notion of polite theories. Polite theories can be combined with any other theory using an extension of the Nelson-Oppen ap...

A group–category is an additively semisimple category with a monoidal product structure in which the simple objects are invertible. For example in the category of representations of a group, 1–dimensional representations are the invertible simple objects. This paper gives a detailed exploration of “topological quantum field theories” for group–categories, in hopes of finding clues to a better u...

BACKGROUND Implementation science has progressed towards increased use of theoretical approaches to provide better understanding and explanation of how and why implementation succeeds or fails. The aim of this article is to propose a taxonomy that distinguishes between different categories of theories, models and frameworks in implementation science, to facilitate appropriate selection and appl...

Advanced perceptual systems are faced with the problem of securing a principled (ideally, veridical) relationship between the world and its internal representation. I propose a unified approach to visual representation, addressing the need for superordinate and basic-level categorization and for the identification of specific instances of familiar categories. According to the proposed theory, a...

We consider three-dimensional lattice SU($N_c$) gauge theories with multiflavor ($N_f>1$) scalar fields in the adjoint representation. investigate their phase diagram, identify different Higgs phases gauge-symmetry pattern, and determine nature of transition lines. In particular, we study role played by quartic potential gauge-group representation determining global symmetry-breaking patterns c...

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality [1]. Clinically, the disorder manifests with a large variety of symptoms that fall into three categories: positive, negative, and cognitive [2]. Schizophrenia affects about 1.1% of world wide population [3]. Although schizophrenia is not as common as other mental dis...

1. Proteins are the workhorses of biological systems and, thus, it is not surprising that the field of proteomics has flourished in recent years. The present review briefly surveys the general proteomic approaches taken to identify drug targets and to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in the preclinical and clinical settings. These generally fall into three basic categories: a profiling appro...