Finland was the only Nordic country to join the European Monetary Union (EMU) when it began on January 1, 1999. In the autumn of 1994, the voters of Sweden and Finland decided to join the European Union (EU), while those in Norway decided to remain outside. In Denmark, the voters had earlier decided not to join the single currency area but othewise remain a fully-integrated member of the EU. De...

The quality of service provides a competitive edge to any business firm. Lack of better service quality mechanism may lead to the dissatisfied customers (feedback customers). This causes loss of goodwill among the customers and finally, the firms may lose their potential customers. Further, due to long wait customers may get impatient, and may abandon the queueing system before getting service....

One of the country's top patient litigators and a seasoned opponent of the Medical Protection Society (MPS), Mervyn Joseph, says forcing the MPS out would prove an 'unmitigated disaster' for patients and doctors alike. Joseph, who has over the years received 'substantial' compensation from the MPS on behalf of patients, says he would rather litigate against an informed, professional opponent wi...

I study the design of a queue when agents learn from past service experiences and can be served multiple times. A continuum of forward-looking agents compete for a constant flow of a resource and decide whether and when to engage in costly queueing to be served. Valuations fluctuate over time, independently across agents; each agent faces an experimentation problem because payoffs are informati...

In this paper, we consider a two-phase queueing system with impatient customers and multiple vacations. Customers arrive at the system according to a Poisson process. They receive the first essential service as well as a second optional service. Arriving customers may balk with a certain probability and may depart after joining the queue without getting service due to impatience. Lack of servic...

Leaders must choose how to justify their organization's actions to stakeholders. We differentiate moral frames, or justifications based on moral values, from pragmatic frames, or justifications based on practical costs and benefits. In Experiments 1a and 1b, we found that moral policy frames elicited more support than pragmatic frames across a variety of scenarios. This effect was mediated by t...

An important theory of international cooperation asserts that governments comply with international law because of the reputational costs incurred by reneging on public agreements. Countries that sign binding international agreements in the realm of monetary relations signal their commitment to an open economic system, which should reassure international market actors that the government is com...

The aim of this paper is to numerically investigate a PH/PH/1 inventory model with reneging of customers and finite shortage of items. We assume that arrivals occur according to a phase type renewal process. The associated phase type distribution has representation ( , ) U α . The service times are identically and independently distributed random variables having common phase type distribution ...