The graphics processing unit (GPU) has now become an integral part of our lives through both desktop and portable devices. Thanks to dedicated hardware, visualization been significantly accelerated, softwares today only use the GPU for rasterization. As a result this development, we triangle-based rendering, pixel-based image manipulations can be performed using shaders. It stated that today’s ...

Process data measurements are important for process monitoring, control and optimization. However, process data may be deteriorated by gross errors in measurements. Therefore, it is significant to detect and estimate gross errors with data reconciliation. Meanwhile, in any modern petrochemical plant, the plant-wide mass data derived from process data rendering the real conditions of manufacturi...

The plant epidermis regulates key physiological functions contributing to photosynthetic rate, plant productivity, and ecosystem stability. Yet, quantitative characterization of this interface between a plant and its aerial environment is laborious and destructive with current techniques, making large-scale characterization of epidermal cell parameters impractical. Here, we present our explorat...

McCarthy scholarship has predominantly tended to stress the writer’s revisionism with regard to his rendering of the myth of the American West in Blood Meridian (1985). McCarthy’s novel has beenmainlyhailed as a critique of the violence of manifest destiny. This study aims to delineate aspects of McCarthy’s narrative which resist the predominant view of him as a revisionist. In this re...

One of the assumptions of current software for visualizing architecture is that the underlying geometry is a correct, objective, and complete representation of the objects in question. However, we argue that such an ideal situation can hardly be met. Instead, there are a variety of situations in which there is considerable uncertainty associated with some features of a model. Furthermore, the m...