OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of urological abnormalities in routine urinary tract ultrasonography (renal and pelvic) in patients with urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS All patients presented to Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain with acute retention of urine secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the period between January 2001 and Decembe...

Cirrhosis is a progressive liver disorder characterized by a distorted liver architecture due to fibrosis which eventually leads to portal hypertension. It is a common cause of mortality accounting for over 26,000 deaths annually in the United States [1]. The natural course of patients with cirrhosis is frequently complicated by the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal space in the form of a...

Dysfunction of macro- and microvessels is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardio-renovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Renal failure and impairment of renal function due to vasoconstriction of the glomerular arteriole in diabetic nephropathy leads to renal volume retention and increase in plasma homocysteine level. Homocysteine, whi...

• Infusion of angiotensin n has profound effects upon renal function in normotensive subjects. The glomerular nitration rate and renal plasma flow are reduced and filtration fraction rises; there is a marked decrease in urine volume and in excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride." Although angiotensin ir is the most potent pressor substance known, doses even too small to raise the blood pr...

Downregulation of the renal glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD-2) during liver cirrhosis may allow activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by glucocorticoids and contribute to sodium retention. We tested this hypothesis in male Wistar rats with decompensated liver cirrhosis and ascites 7 wk after bile duct ligation (BDL). Renal 11...

The mechanism(s) of renal escape from the hydro-osmotic effect of vasopressin is unknown. We therefore studied escape in conscious, unrestrained rats receiving continuous intravascular infusions of 1-deamino-8-arginine-vasopressin (desmopressin) and hypotonic fluid over 5 days. Escape from desmopressin started 8 hours after exposure and was characterized by a progressive increase in urine flow ...

Inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) causes various electrolyte and acid-base disturbances including sodium retention (edema, hypertension), hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and decreased renal function. Decreased sodium excretion can result in weight gain, peripheral edema, attenuation of the effects of antihypertensive agents, and rarely agg...

Introduction: Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is a major clinical problem, which occurs during several conditions such as liver damage, trauma and transplantation. Recent studies indicate that IR-induced acute liver failure causes injuries of distant organs such as heart and lungs by systematic inflammatory responses. Therefore, in the present study, effects of hepatic IR induction were stud...

Acute renal failure (ARF) is an abrupt decline in renal function, sufficient to result in the retention of nia'ogenous wastes, that is not immediately reversible by manipulation of extrarenal factors. Acute renal failure is not defined in terms of urine volume, and may be present both in oliguric and non-oliguric states. The obligatory daily osmolar load (urea, uric acid, ammonia, etc.) excrete...