total abstention from food and water from sunrise to sunset during the month of  ramadan, is practiced by hundreds of millions of muslims throughout the world. this pattern of fasting during ramadan is different from the usual fasting as people are allowed to eat and drink between sunset and dawn but not after dawn. the amount and type of food (rich in protein, fat and sugar) eaten during the n...

objective: diabetic nephropathy is a major diabetes complication. arterial resistance index (ri) may predict deterioration in kidney function. this study was designed to compare renal arterial ri in different stages of renal function according to glomerular filtration rate (gfr), serum creatinine level and proteinuria. materials and methods: in a cross-sectional study on 81 diabetic patients in...

nuclear medicine imaging is routinely used for evaluation of perfusion and function of the transplanted kidneys. at present, the radiopharmaceutical of choice for this study in our center is tc 99m-ec. complications of the kidney graft are demonstrable in the early and delayed images. one of these complications is vesicoureteral reflux to the graft or to the native kidneys. we present a 27 year...

introduction adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a common disorder among children which, without proper treatment, may lead to considerable problems. although the consequences of this disorder have been studied in other articles, we decided to evaluate the changes in pulmonary function tests in these children after adenotonsillectomy, and the correlation between clinical and spirometric parameters.  ...

about 8% of the general population suffers from autoimmune diseases, from which 78% are women. one of the most important causes of thyroid diseases is autoimmunity in origin, and it seems that people with thyroid diseases present more signs of asthma. this study was therefore designed to investigate the frequency of autoimmune thyroid diseases in women suffering from bronchial asthma. in a cros...

background: respiratory problem is one of the major health hazards in dust-exposed workers; it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. objective: to determine the prevalence of respiratory problems and lung function impairment among quarry workers in ebonyi state, nigeria. methods: respiratory problems and lung function were studied in 403 quarry workers aged 10–60 years...