Recent evidence shows that the temporal alignment between the sleep-wake cycle and the circadian pacemaker affects self-assessment of mood in healthy subjects. Despite the differences in affective state between healthy subjects and patients with psychiatric disorders, these results have implications for analyzing diurnal variation of mood in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders and sleep di...

Sleep enhances memories, particularly emotional memories. As such, it has been suggested that sleep deprivation may reduce posttraumatic stress disorder. This presumes that emotional memory consolidation is paralleled by a reduction in emotional reactivity, an association that has not yet been examined. In the present experiment, we used an incidental memory task in humans and obtained valence ...

The immune system is known to essentially contribute to the regulation of sleep. Whereas research in this regard focused on the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in sleep regulation has been less intensely studied, probably due to the so far seemingly ambiguous results. Yet, this picture might simply reflect that the effects of ...

SLEEP STRUCTURE AND ITS DISTRIBUTION OVER THE 24 HOURS ARE REGULATED BY SEVERAL MECHANISMS WHICH INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER IN A RATHER regular manner. Mathematical models of sleep-wake time course and intranight dynamics of physiological human sleep have been proposed, offering a conceptual framework for the analysis and interpretation of sleep regulatory processes.1-5 Among the available model...

Background & Aims: Sleep disorders are common complains in patients with cerebral stroke; studies on these issues are limited. We aimed to evaluate the sleep changes in patients with supratentorial ischemic stroke. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 38 patients (19 patients in supratentorial ischemic stroke group and 19 people in control group) were evaluated. Total sleep time, sleep effic...

The preoptic hypothalamus is implicated in sleep regulation. Neurons in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) have been identified as potential sleep regulatory elements. However, the extent to which MnPO and VLPO neurons are activated in response to changing homeostatic sleep regulatory demands is unresolved. To address this question, we continuously rec...

INTRODUCTION Olfactory dysfunction affects about 85-90% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with severe deterioration in the ability of discriminate several types of odors. In addition, studies reported declines in olfactory performances during a short period of sleep deprivation. Besides, PD is also known to strongly affect the occurrence and maintenance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. M...

Chronically painful conditions are frequently associated with sleep disturbances, i.e. changes in sleep continuity and sleep architecture as well as increased sleepiness during daytime. A new hypothesis, which has attracted more and more attention, is that disturbances of sleep cause or modulate acute and chronic pain. Since it is well-known that pain disturbs sleep the relationship between the...

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The cultural coefficient of similarity, or probability that two individuals learn the same idea from a common ancestor, is offered as an explanation for patterns ofhelping behavior in human societies. A cultural-transmission model predicts that when maternal influence in offspring learning is predominant, matrilineality will evolve in a culture. Other predictions about the form of matrilineal a...