Thymol is a phenolic monoterpene with colorless crystalline shapes or white powder spicy, caucasian and sweet taste. Its chemical structure characterized by hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to benzene ring. It provides for the hydroxylation of P-cymine along its carvacrol’s isomer. In this molecule different therapeutic properties have been registered in molecule, such as spasmolytic, anticancer, ...

PURPOSE An association between chronic renal failure (CRF) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is well known. The aim of this study was to pharmacologically characterize and investigate the possible contribution of smooth muscle reactivity pathways involving GER on the CRF rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chronic renal failure was created in Sprague-Dawley rats by 5 of 6 nephrectomy. The rats we...

Cultured bovine endothelial cells were grown on microcarrier beads. Columns (0.2 ml) packed with microcarriers were perfused with oxygenated (20% O2) Tyrode's solution containing indomethacin (10 microM), and the effluent was passed through precontracted, endothelium-denuded detector arteries. When the endothelial cells were stimulated with bradykinin (3-100 nM), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (0.3-...

BACKGROUND Chronic alveolar hypoxia results in sustained arterial constriction, and increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to pulmonary artery hypertension (PAHT). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propofol and etomidate on pulmonary artery (PA) reactivity in chronically hypoxic (CH) rats, a model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAHT), in normoxic animals, an...

and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea. Background: There have been a few reports of hypersensitivity reactions to Ranitidine ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the antihypertensive activity of aqueous extracts obtained from Malaysian coastal seaweeds and to determine the pharmacological mechanisms of the extracts on rat aorta in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antihypertensive activity of 11 species of seaweeds (5 brown, 1 red and 5 green algae) were tested by cumulative addition of the extracts to phenylephrine (PE)-preco...

BACKGROUND Formoterol and salmeterol are new long acting beta 2 adrenoceptor agonists. The maximum relaxant effect, potency and functional antagonism against carbachol induced contraction for salmeterol, formoterol and salbutamol have been compared in the guinea pig isolated trachea. In addition, the possibility of inducing a non-beta adrenoceptor mediated relaxation by salmeterol was studied. ...

1. In guinea-pig and canine airway smooth muscle, there is reduced beta-adrenoceptor agonist sensitivity in tissues pre-contracted with muscarinic agonists when compared to tissues pre-contracted with other spasmogens, such as histamine or leukotriene D4. This reduced sensitivity may be the result of an interaction between muscarinic receptors and beta-adrenoceptors. In this study the effects o...

Azemiopsin (Az), a linear peptide from the Azemiops feae viper venom, contains no disulfide bonds, is a high-affinity and selective inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) of muscle type and may be considered as potentially applicable nondepolarizing muscle relaxant. In this study, we investigated its preclinical profile in regard to in vitro and in vivo efficacy, acute and chroni...