The RuleML knowledge-interoperation hub provides for syntactic/semantic representation and internal/external transformation of formal knowledge. The representation system permits the configuration of textbook and enriched Relax NG syntax as well as the association of syntax with semantics. The transformation tool suite includes serialized formatters (normalizers and compactifiers), polarized pa...

This paper examines the difficulty of the schema conformance problem for the following XML schema languages: • DTD • RELAX NG with W3C XML Schema Datatypes • Schematron • W3C XML Schema • Namespace Routing Language The schema conformance problem is defined as follows: Given a schema, is there an XML document that conforms to the schema? For these five XML schema languages, the schema conformanc...

Predicted in 1965 by Maker and Therune [1], coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) was first used in microscopy as a contrast mechanism in 1982 by Duncan et al. [2]. It has revealed to be a powerful non-invasive tool to probe the chemical composition of microscopic objects. Since its renewal in 1999 under collinear configuration [3], it has been considered as valuable to image biological ...

Bounded rationality is a very important framework for understanding rationality in both natural and artificial systems. In this paper, we aim to bridge the gap between bounded rationality and reinforcement learning, which has also proven very fruitful in both types of intelligent systems. A lot of reinforcement learning work has focused on Markov Decision Processes, where optimal policies can b...