the growing demand for enhanced esthetic appearance has led to great developments in bleaching products. the exposure of hard tissues of the tooth to bleaching agents can affect the roughness of the enamel surface. the freshly bleached enamel surface exposed to various surface treatments such as fluoride and other remineralizing agents have been assessed in this study. the aim of this experimen...

We review recent theoretical progress on the dynamics of brittle crack fronts and its relationship to the roughness of fracture surfaces. We discuss the possibility that the intermediate scale roughness of cracks, which is characterized by a roughness exponent approximately equal to 0.5, could be caused by the generation, during local instabilities by depinning, of diffusively broadened corruga...

The overall objective of this paper is to retrieve soil surfaces parameters namely, roughness and soil moisture related to the dielectric constant by inverting the radar backscattered signal from natural soil surfaces. Because the classical description of roughness using statistical parameters like the correlation length doesn't lead to satisfactory results to predict radar backscattering, we u...

[1] The radar backscattering coefficient is mainly determined by surface soil moisture, vegetation and land surface roughness under a given configuration of the satellite sensor. It is observed that the temporal variations of the three variables are different, the variation of vegetation and roughness are at the longer temporal scales corresponding to climate and cultivation practices, while so...

Abstract: This study presents the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a rib-roughened SAH (solar air heater) channel. The artificial roughness of the rectangular channel was in the form of a thin circular wire in discrete multi V-pattern rib geometries. The effect of this geometry on heat transfer, fluid flow, and performance augmentation was investigated using the CFD (computationa...

The research on damages of structures that are supported by deep foundations has been quite intensive in the past decade. Kinematic interaction in soil-pile interaction is evaluated based on the p-y curve approach. Existing p-y curves have considered the effects of relative density on soil-pile interaction in sandy soil. The roughness influence of the surface wall pile on p-y curves has not bee...

Robin Faivre 1,2,*, Jérôme Colin 1 and Massimo Menenti 2,3 1 ICube Laboratory, UMR 7357 CNRS-University of Strasbourg, F-67412 Illkirch Cedex, France; [email protected] 2 Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GRS), Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands; [email protected] 3 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital...

The authors use a coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model (SWAN) to simulate winds in a particular region on the continental shelf in the Mediterranean Sea. After showing that the model does a good job in reproducing the observed wind and wave patters, the authors use different parameterizations for the atmospheric bottom roughness length: in one case it depends on wind intensity ("uncoupled" simul...

In radar signature analysis, the root mean square (RMS) surface slope is utilized to assess the relative contribution of multiple scattering effects. For an exponentially correlated surface, an effective RMS slope can be determined by truncating the high frequency tail of the roughness spectrum. The choice of the cutoff frequency and the effect on surface scattering simulations are discussed.