a fundamental assumption in prosthetic dentistry is that the axis-orbital plane will usually be parallel to the horizontal reference plane. most articulator systems have incorporated this concept into their designs and use orbitale as the anterior reference point for transferring the vertical position of the maxilla to the articulator. clinical observations of cantonese patients suggest that in...

To program eye-head gaze shifts to sounds, the orientation of eyes and head should be incorporated to specify the target relative to the eyes, and only head orientation should be incorporated to specify the target relative to the head. Here we test whether the eye and head motor systems employ different reference frames for gaze shifts evoked by broadband sounds and pure tones. The head-movemen...

The brain can use multiple reference frames to code line orientation, including head-, object-, and gravity-centered references. If these frames change orientation, their representations must be updated to keep register with actual line orientation. We tested this internal updating during head rotation in roll, exploiting the rod-and-frame effect: The illusory tilt of a vertical line surrounded...

Close-proximity operations are increasingly a topic of interest, where satellites manoeuvre within a very small distance of other spacecraft. A high degree of accuracy is required in estimating the relative position and orientation of the other spacecraft, in order to conduct such manoeuvres safely. Traditionally, active systems such as radar or more recently Differential GPS have been used for...