Treatment planning for ion therapy requires precise knowledge about the biological effectiveness of particle beams, which is strongly determined by the microscopic radial energy deposition around individual ion tracks. Therefore, we applied the Local Effect Model (LEM) to investigate the dependence of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) on different representations of the radial dose di...

Mn modified rhombohedral Pb(In0.5Nb0.5)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT:Mn) single crystals poled along [011]C crystallographic direction exhibit a "2R" engineered domain configuration, with macroscopic mm2 symmetry. The complete sets of material constants were determined using combined resonance and ultrasonic methods, and compared to [001]C poled PIN-PMN-PT:Mn crystals. The thickness sh...

We demonstrate efficient Raman lasing with CaF2 whispering-gallery-mode resonators. Continuous-wave emission threshold is shown to be possible below 1 microW with a 5mm cavity, which is to our knowledge orders of magnitude lower than in any other Raman source. Low-threshold lasing is made possible by the ultrahigh optical quality factor of the cavity, of the order of Q=5x10(10). Stokes componen...

The quality factor and mode volume of a nanocavity play pivotal roles in realizing the strong coupling interaction between the nanocavity mode and a quantum dot. We present an extremely simple method to obtain the mode volume and investigate the effect of the slab thickness on the quality factor and mode volume of photonic crystal slab nanocavities. We reveal that the mode volume is approximati...

The anomalous Hall effect of wires patterned from (Co{90}Fe{10}/Pt){n} multilayers, with 10<or=n<or=50, is used to determine the magnetization process in a small volume of maze domains. Time-independent 1/f noise appears in samples with a quality factor Q<1 at points on the hysteresis loop where the magnetization reverses continuously. The magnetic noise is associated with reversible excursions...

Theoretical investigation on the group velocity control of ultrafast pulses through quadratic cascading nonlinear interaction is presented. The dependences of the fractional time delay as well as the quality factor of the delayed femtosecond pulse on the peak intensity, group velocity mismatch, wave-vector mismatch and the pulse duration are examined. The results may help to understand to what ...

We study 1/f and narrow-bandwidth noise in precision oscillators based on high-quality factor resonators and feedback. The dynamics of such an oscillator are well described by two variables, an amplitude and a phase. In this description we show that low-frequency feedback noise is represented by a single noise vector in phase space. The implication of this is that 1/f and narrow-bandwidth noise...

We demonstrate a versatile femtosecond power amplifier using a Yb:YAG single crystal fiber operating from 10 kHz to 10 MHz. For a total pump power of 75 W, up to 30 W is generated from the double-pass power amplifier. At a repetition rate of 10 kHz, an output energy of 1 mJ is obtained after recompression. In this configuration, the pulse duration is 380 fs, corresponding to a peak power of 2.2...

We introduce a method for designing an H1 photonic crystal cavity to enhance its quality factor (Q factor). The highest theoretical Q factor of 120,000 is obtained. The Fourier transformation of field distribution shows that the enhancement arises from the component reduction of a leaky mode. The Q-factor improvement has also been demonstrated experimentally with the highest value of 11,700. Ou...

Fluctuating asymmetries (left-right differences in symmetric traits) can be negatively related to fitness parameters in a number of biological systems. Hence, it has been suggested that symmetric individuals should outcompete asymmetric individuals during intraspecific agonistic encounters. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence for such a relationship. We investigated the relationsh...