Acute diarrhoea is a principal cause of morbidity and mortali ty among children in developing countries. The prompt and correct use of an o ral glucose elect roly te solution, developed and advocated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNICEF, has revolutionized the management of acute diarrhoea. Yet these solutions were widely underused in diarrhoeal episodes, partly due to the inabilit...

In this study, the drying characteristics and quality properties of electrical (ET) ultrasound (US) pre-treated kiwi fruit slices were investigated. Electrical pretreatments carried out on parameters 100 V- 40 sec. 35 kHz-30 min respectively. After pretreatments, dehydrated using a convective dryer at 50°C 1.5 m/s air flow rate. The effects these rate (the total phenolic content, vitamin C, pec...

Diarrheal diseases are among the most devastating illnesses globally, but the introduction of oral rehydration therapy has reduced mortality due to diarrhea from >5 million children, under the age of 5, in 1978 to 1.3 million in 2002. Variations of this simple therapy of salts and sugars are prevalent in traditional remedies in cultures world-wide, but only in the past four decades have the sci...

Acute gastroenteritis is a common and costly clinical problem in children. It is a largely self-limited disease with many etiologies. The evaluation of the child with acute gastroenteritis requires a careful history and a complete physical examination to uncover other illnesses with similar presentations. Minimal laboratory testing is generally required. Treatment is primarily supportive and is...

Excised bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves were used to measure changes in proline content and proline metabolism during rehydration in the dark after the leaves had been incubated in the dark 24 hours in a wilted condition.The increase in nonprotein proline which occurs in wilted leaves stopped immediately upon rehydration, and thereafter levels of proline declined. The rate of decline and the f...

Contact-rehydration in terrestrial slugs involves a specific drinking behaviour during which water is rapidly absorbed through the integument of the foot. When dehydrated slugs were placed on wet filter paper containing 14C-inulin, they displayed the characteristic drinking posture and absorbed both water and 14C-inulin. Samples of haemolymph from dehydrated slugs after 12 min of contact-rehydr...

OBJECTIVE To determine if rapid rather than standard intravenous rehydration results in improved hydration and clinical outcomes when administered to children with gastroenteritis. DESIGN Single centre, two arm, parallel randomised pragmatic controlled trial. Blocked randomisation stratified by site. Participants, caregivers, outcome assessors, investigators, and statisticians were blinded to...

In the present study we investigated the swelling characteristics of fresh camel and bovine cornea in sodium salt solutions. Swelling studies were carried out at 20 minutes, 14 hours, and 46 hours on five fresh camel and 5 five fresh bovine corneas. During the 20-minute hydration of fresh corneal stroma was investigated using sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)), sodium acetate...

PURPOSE To evaluate the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for continuous noninvasive monitoring and quantification of the dynamics of corneal response after exposure of the cornea to dehydrating stress. METHODS The changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) and scattering properties of the cornea were monitored with OCT in rabbit cornea in vivo after topical application of a g...