Counterfactual thoughts, mental simulations about how a situation may have turned out differently (i.e., “if only …, then …”), can reduce health after stressful life-events. However, specific counterfactual thought types relate to post-loss problems is unclear. We hypothesized that self-referenced upward counterfactuals “If I had done the current would be better”) serve as cognitive avoidance, ...

abstract background/objective: this study was undertaken to address psychological health effects of dentists’ exposure to low ambient levels of mercury. methods: one hundred and six dentists and 94 general practitioners were randomly selected from clinics in shiraz city, iran. subjects were asked to complete the persian version of general health questionnaire. the data were analyzed using χ2 te...

In this article, a cognitive, metonymic approach will be applied to the well-known phenomenon that events denoted by non-derived denominal verbs do not necessarily involve referent of base noun (e.g. Sue hammered nail into wall with her shoe). particular, it argued shared sensorimotor experience as interaction basic-level objects like hammers, shelves, or bicycles facilitates interpretation res...

Self-referent phenotype matching, the ability of animals to use aspects of their own phenotype as a referent in discrimination decisions, is believed to play a significant role in nepotistic interactions and mate choice in a wide range of taxa [1]. An individual’s ability to assess the similarity between its own phenotype and that of the individuals it encounters can provide a reliable measure ...

Gender features on anaphoric pronouns are often analyzed as presupposition triggers, after [Cooper, 1983]. I argue that, first, “presuppositions” arising in sentences with gendered pronouns have a peculiar projection behavior different from that of regular presuppositions, and second, that such special indexical presuppositions, rather than being contributed by morphological features directly, ...

An approach to modelling mouse gestures in direct manipulation interfaces is presented. The Referent and Statechart languages are used for modelling structure and behaviour, respectively. A gesture is divided into a series of steps, driven by user action and aided by feedback, all modelled as Statechart states. The Referent describes dynamic relations between these states. The states and transi...

When interacting autonomous agents operate in open domains that contain novel objects, the agents may be unable to refer to the objects by using preassigned names. As an alternative, the agents might use de~criptions. When agents refer to domain objects by using de~riptions, referent ml.sidentifications (RM[s) will occur. ThLs paper formally models recovery from RMIs among such agents. We show ...