The carbon footprint is a measure of the amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an activity or over the life stages of a product. Logistical service providers have various reasons to attempt to gain insight in the carbon footprint of their transport services. Clients may ask for a report on the emissions caused by a transport order and forthcoming legislation may demand carbon management ...

− Holistic approach to wheel loaders as complex energy conversion systems − Possible Reduction of fuel consumption by 50% through use of hybrid technology − Considerations of customer segment and business case

nitrogen oxides (nox) contribute to a wide range of environmental effects including the formation of acid rain and destroy ozone layer. in-cylinder high temperature flame and high oxygen concentration are the parameters which affect the nox emissions. the egr system is a very effective way for reducing nox emission from a diesel engine (via reduction of these parameters), particularly at the hi...

A new weather routing method is proposed that accounts for ship maneuvering motions, ocean currents, wind, and waves through a time domain computer simulation. The maneuvering motions are solved by differential equations of motion for every moment throughout the voyage. Moreover, the navigation route, expressed in terms of a Bézier curve, is optimized for minimum fuel consumption by the Powell ...

Aircraft operations have a significant impact on local air quality, climate change, fuel consumption and noise around airports. In order to reach emission targets set by aviation agencies (e.g. ACARE), to reduce environmental impact and to ensure a sustainable future of the sector, the aviation industry is continuously investing in research and development of technologies for reducing CO2, nois...

eaf plants normally consume coal and coke as reactants, alloying elements, or fuel. the price of these materials varies from € 0.20-0.35/kg. this is while nearly 10 million pieces of tires are annually discarded in iran. the present study shows that scrap tires can be used as a substitute for coal and coke in eaf plants. thirteen grades of steel including low, medium, and high carbon steels as ...

the demand for fossil fuel in the transport sector is constantly increasing and transportation is ranked amongst the highest greenhouse emitting sectors globally. today, tackling co2 emissions from road transport a widely discussed topic and constitutes a milestone towards reaching a sustainable, carbon neutral economy. this challenge is being described in various initiatives adopted in the eur...